Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by a novel evolutionarily divergent RNA virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently spreaded a...
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PeerJ Inc.
2020-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/9689.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827606939520991232 |
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| author | M. Nazmul Hoque Abed Chaudhury Md Abdul Mannan Akanda M. Anwar Hossain Md Tofazzal Islam |
| author_facet | M. Nazmul Hoque Abed Chaudhury Md Abdul Mannan Akanda M. Anwar Hossain Md Tofazzal Islam |
| author_sort | M. Nazmul Hoque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by a novel evolutionarily divergent RNA virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently spreaded around the world. Genomic analyses revealed that this zoonotic virus may be evolved naturally but not a purposefully manipulated laboratory construct. However, currently available data are not sufficient to precisely conclude the origin of this fearsome virus. Comprehensive annotations of the whole-genomes revealed hundreds of nucleotides, and amino acids mutations, substitutions and/or deletions at different positions of the ever changing SARS-CoV-2 genome. The spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 possesses a functional polybasic (furin) cleavage site at the S1-S2 boundary through the insertion of 12 nucleotides. It leads to the predicted acquisition of 3-O-linked glycan around the cleavage site. Although real-time RT-PCR methods targeting specific gene(s) have widely been used to diagnose the COVID-19 patients, however, recently developed more convenient, cheap, rapid, and specific diagnostic tools targeting antigens or CRISPR-Cas-mediated method or a newly developed plug and play method should be available for the resource-poor developing countries. A large number of candidate drugs, vaccines and therapies have shown great promise in early trials, however, these candidates of preventive or therapeutic agents have to pass a long path of trials before being released for the practical application against COVID-19. This review updates current knowledge on origin, genomic evolution, development of the diagnostic tools, and the preventive or therapeutic remedies of the COVID-19. We also discussed the future scopes for research, effective management, and surveillance of the newly emerged COVID-19 disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:46:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ea0a18f50fd420bafd48258a2fdcba7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:46:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ea0a18f50fd420bafd48258a2fdcba72023-12-03T10:34:18ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592020-09-018e968910.7717/peerj.9689Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 diseaseM. Nazmul Hoque0Abed Chaudhury1Md Abdul Mannan Akanda2M. Anwar Hossain3Md Tofazzal Islam4Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, BangladeshCharles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, AustraliaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, BangladeshDepartment of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, BangladeshInstitute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, BangladeshThe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by a novel evolutionarily divergent RNA virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently spreaded around the world. Genomic analyses revealed that this zoonotic virus may be evolved naturally but not a purposefully manipulated laboratory construct. However, currently available data are not sufficient to precisely conclude the origin of this fearsome virus. Comprehensive annotations of the whole-genomes revealed hundreds of nucleotides, and amino acids mutations, substitutions and/or deletions at different positions of the ever changing SARS-CoV-2 genome. The spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 possesses a functional polybasic (furin) cleavage site at the S1-S2 boundary through the insertion of 12 nucleotides. It leads to the predicted acquisition of 3-O-linked glycan around the cleavage site. Although real-time RT-PCR methods targeting specific gene(s) have widely been used to diagnose the COVID-19 patients, however, recently developed more convenient, cheap, rapid, and specific diagnostic tools targeting antigens or CRISPR-Cas-mediated method or a newly developed plug and play method should be available for the resource-poor developing countries. A large number of candidate drugs, vaccines and therapies have shown great promise in early trials, however, these candidates of preventive or therapeutic agents have to pass a long path of trials before being released for the practical application against COVID-19. This review updates current knowledge on origin, genomic evolution, development of the diagnostic tools, and the preventive or therapeutic remedies of the COVID-19. We also discussed the future scopes for research, effective management, and surveillance of the newly emerged COVID-19 disease.https://peerj.com/articles/9689.pdfSARS-CoV-2 Genetic diversity Genome evolution Diagnostics Therapeutics Vaccines |
| spellingShingle | M. Nazmul Hoque Abed Chaudhury Md Abdul Mannan Akanda M. Anwar Hossain Md Tofazzal Islam Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease PeerJ SARS-CoV-2 Genetic diversity Genome evolution Diagnostics Therapeutics Vaccines |
| title | Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease |
| title_full | Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease |
| title_fullStr | Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease |
| title_short | Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease |
| title_sort | genomic diversity and evolution diagnosis prevention and therapeutics of the pandemic covid 19 disease |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Genetic diversity Genome evolution Diagnostics Therapeutics Vaccines |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/9689.pdf |
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