Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, Yemen
Abstract Background The burden of seasonal influenza in conflict counties is exacerbated due to limited resource and collapse of health system. During 2018 /2019 season, two-fold increase in the incidence of influenza was reported in Yemen with 22% case fatality of severe acute respiratory infection...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07090-2 |
| _version_ | 1818486332822913024 |
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| author | Mohammed Al Amad Khaled Almoayed |
| author_facet | Mohammed Al Amad Khaled Almoayed |
| author_sort | Mohammed Al Amad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The burden of seasonal influenza in conflict counties is exacerbated due to limited resource and collapse of health system. During 2018 /2019 season, two-fold increase in the incidence of influenza was reported in Yemen with 22% case fatality of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). The aims are to analyze the influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for hospitalizing influenza associated-SARI. Methodology We used a retrospective analytical study based on surveillance data. All reported patients during 2018/2019 season, fulfilling the WHO cases definition for SARI or influenza like illness (ILI), and had laboratory result from the National Laboratory were included. Influenza positivity rate was calculated, all SARI and ILI patients with positive influenza were included for further analysis by univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression. Crude and adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval and P-value < 0.05 were used for statistically significant. Results Out of 2186 patients enrolled, 768 patients were tested for influenza viruses,: 19% were children < 15 years, 15% were ≥ 65 years, 69% males and 18% had co-morbidity with chronic diseases. Patients with SARI were 37% and 63% were ILI patients. Influenza viruses were detected in 411 (53.5%), 68% were influenza A subtype (H1N1)pdm09, 27% influenza B and 5% was influenza A not subtyped. The influenza positivity was significantly higher in SARI compared to ILI for patients < 15 years (95% vs, 66%, p < 0.001), and patients ≥ 65 years (83% vs. 56%, p < 0.002), respectively. The highest positivity for influenza type A and B reached 44% and 33% for patients ≥ 65 years and < 15 years, respectively. The risk factors for influenza-associated SARI in multivariate analysis included age < 5 [AOR 2.8] and ≥ 65 years old [AOR 3.1] compared to age 5– < 25 years, diabetes [AOR 4.7], heart diseases [AOR 3.1] and chronic respiratory diseases [AOR 5.0]. Conclusion The influenza positivity during 2018/2019 winter season was high in Yemen and varied by age distribution. Influenza subtype A (H1N1) pdm09 was the predominant and co circulated with influenza B. An influenza vaccination program for the risk group is necessary. Strengthening lab capacity to detect respiratory pathogens and further prospective study for more comprehensive picture are recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:21:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ea755b6b7084106b171fa4d890945a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:21:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ea755b6b7084106b171fa4d890945a12022-12-22T01:41:47ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342022-02-012211810.1186/s12879-022-07090-2Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, YemenMohammed Al Amad0Khaled Almoayed1Yemen Field Epidemiology Training ProgramMinistry of Public Health and PopulationAbstract Background The burden of seasonal influenza in conflict counties is exacerbated due to limited resource and collapse of health system. During 2018 /2019 season, two-fold increase in the incidence of influenza was reported in Yemen with 22% case fatality of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). The aims are to analyze the influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for hospitalizing influenza associated-SARI. Methodology We used a retrospective analytical study based on surveillance data. All reported patients during 2018/2019 season, fulfilling the WHO cases definition for SARI or influenza like illness (ILI), and had laboratory result from the National Laboratory were included. Influenza positivity rate was calculated, all SARI and ILI patients with positive influenza were included for further analysis by univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression. Crude and adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval and P-value < 0.05 were used for statistically significant. Results Out of 2186 patients enrolled, 768 patients were tested for influenza viruses,: 19% were children < 15 years, 15% were ≥ 65 years, 69% males and 18% had co-morbidity with chronic diseases. Patients with SARI were 37% and 63% were ILI patients. Influenza viruses were detected in 411 (53.5%), 68% were influenza A subtype (H1N1)pdm09, 27% influenza B and 5% was influenza A not subtyped. The influenza positivity was significantly higher in SARI compared to ILI for patients < 15 years (95% vs, 66%, p < 0.001), and patients ≥ 65 years (83% vs. 56%, p < 0.002), respectively. The highest positivity for influenza type A and B reached 44% and 33% for patients ≥ 65 years and < 15 years, respectively. The risk factors for influenza-associated SARI in multivariate analysis included age < 5 [AOR 2.8] and ≥ 65 years old [AOR 3.1] compared to age 5– < 25 years, diabetes [AOR 4.7], heart diseases [AOR 3.1] and chronic respiratory diseases [AOR 5.0]. Conclusion The influenza positivity during 2018/2019 winter season was high in Yemen and varied by age distribution. Influenza subtype A (H1N1) pdm09 was the predominant and co circulated with influenza B. An influenza vaccination program for the risk group is necessary. Strengthening lab capacity to detect respiratory pathogens and further prospective study for more comprehensive picture are recommended.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07090-2InfluenzaPositivity rateSARIRisk factorsYemen |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Al Amad Khaled Almoayed Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, Yemen BMC Infectious Diseases Influenza Positivity rate SARI Risk factors Yemen |
| title | Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, Yemen |
| title_full | Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, Yemen |
| title_fullStr | Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, Yemen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, Yemen |
| title_short | Influenza circulating viruses, positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018/2019 winter season, Yemen |
| title_sort | influenza circulating viruses positivity rate and risk factors for influenza associated severe acute respiratory infection during 2018 2019 winter season yemen |
| topic | Influenza Positivity rate SARI Risk factors Yemen |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07090-2 |
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