Clinical, radiographic and histological findings of seven teeth from two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed under professional care
Seven teeth extracted from two adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) due to pulp exposure and/or to gain access to the mandibular canine teeth were histologically evaluated, and the findings were compared with clinical and radiographic findings. Three teeth were diagnosed with pulp exp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1335960/full |
| _version_ | 1827352748817907712 |
|---|---|
| author | Ana Nemec Margherita Gracis Margherita Gracis Tania Monreal-Pawlowsky William Magnone Antonella Pritelli Cynthia Bell |
| author_facet | Ana Nemec Margherita Gracis Margherita Gracis Tania Monreal-Pawlowsky William Magnone Antonella Pritelli Cynthia Bell |
| author_sort | Ana Nemec |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Seven teeth extracted from two adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) due to pulp exposure and/or to gain access to the mandibular canine teeth were histologically evaluated, and the findings were compared with clinical and radiographic findings. Three teeth were diagnosed with pulp exposure, and two of these showed no radiographic signs of endodontic disease and were histologically vital with prominent coronal pulpitis and a pulp polyp. Another tooth with pulp exposure was showing clinical and radiographic signs of endodontic disease and was histologically confirmed with pulp necrosis. A discoloured incisor tooth was showing radiographic signs of endodontic disease and was also histologically non-vital. Two clinically and radiographically healthy mandibular first premolar teeth and one second incisor tooth had no evidence of pulpitis or pulp necrosis but had pulp canal obliteration. Regular clinical and radiographic follow-up for 5 months to 3 years after the procedures confirmed uneventful healing of the extraction sites, despite initial flap’s dehiscence. Although extractions of affected teeth in California sea lions are considered the most practical and beneficial therapy, these are associated with the risks of extensive trauma and anaesthesia and the need to perform these surgical procedures on-site under variable conditions. As California sea lions can be trained to allow conscious dental radiographic re-checks, monitoring teeth with clinical signs of pulp polyp formation and without radiographic signs of endodontic disease warrant further evaluation/reconsideration from previous recommendations. Endodontic treatment of abscessed teeth in California sea lions is reportedly unsuccessful and is discouraged. However, vital pulpectomy could be an alternative treatment to extraction in teeth with pulp polyps as it was found to be highly successful in humans, but the possibility of endodontic failure and need for further treatments should be weighted in the treatment choice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:11:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1eabb5a6dc354817b7bb12a012fd06e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:11:30Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1eabb5a6dc354817b7bb12a012fd06e42024-02-13T04:33:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-02-011110.3389/fvets.2024.13359601335960Clinical, radiographic and histological findings of seven teeth from two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed under professional careAna Nemec0Margherita Gracis1Margherita Gracis2Tania Monreal-Pawlowsky3William Magnone4Antonella Pritelli5Cynthia Bell6Dentistry and Oral Surgery Department, Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Dentistry, Oral, and Maxillofacial Surgery, Istituto Veterinario di Novara AniCura, Novara, ItalyDepartment of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinica Veterinaria San Siro AniCura, Milan, ItalyInternational Zoo Veterinary Group, Keighley, United KingdomParco Natura Viva - Garda Zoologicalparc, Verona, ItalyGardaland Sea Life, Castelnuovo del Garda, Verona, ItalySpecialty Oral Pathology for Animals, LLC, Geneseo, IL, United StatesSeven teeth extracted from two adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) due to pulp exposure and/or to gain access to the mandibular canine teeth were histologically evaluated, and the findings were compared with clinical and radiographic findings. Three teeth were diagnosed with pulp exposure, and two of these showed no radiographic signs of endodontic disease and were histologically vital with prominent coronal pulpitis and a pulp polyp. Another tooth with pulp exposure was showing clinical and radiographic signs of endodontic disease and was histologically confirmed with pulp necrosis. A discoloured incisor tooth was showing radiographic signs of endodontic disease and was also histologically non-vital. Two clinically and radiographically healthy mandibular first premolar teeth and one second incisor tooth had no evidence of pulpitis or pulp necrosis but had pulp canal obliteration. Regular clinical and radiographic follow-up for 5 months to 3 years after the procedures confirmed uneventful healing of the extraction sites, despite initial flap’s dehiscence. Although extractions of affected teeth in California sea lions are considered the most practical and beneficial therapy, these are associated with the risks of extensive trauma and anaesthesia and the need to perform these surgical procedures on-site under variable conditions. As California sea lions can be trained to allow conscious dental radiographic re-checks, monitoring teeth with clinical signs of pulp polyp formation and without radiographic signs of endodontic disease warrant further evaluation/reconsideration from previous recommendations. Endodontic treatment of abscessed teeth in California sea lions is reportedly unsuccessful and is discouraged. However, vital pulpectomy could be an alternative treatment to extraction in teeth with pulp polyps as it was found to be highly successful in humans, but the possibility of endodontic failure and need for further treatments should be weighted in the treatment choice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1335960/fullCalifornia sea lionendodontic diseasepulpitisdental pulp polypdental pulp necrosis |
| spellingShingle | Ana Nemec Margherita Gracis Margherita Gracis Tania Monreal-Pawlowsky William Magnone Antonella Pritelli Cynthia Bell Clinical, radiographic and histological findings of seven teeth from two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed under professional care Frontiers in Veterinary Science California sea lion endodontic disease pulpitis dental pulp polyp dental pulp necrosis |
| title | Clinical, radiographic and histological findings of seven teeth from two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed under professional care |
| title_full | Clinical, radiographic and histological findings of seven teeth from two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed under professional care |
| title_fullStr | Clinical, radiographic and histological findings of seven teeth from two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed under professional care |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical, radiographic and histological findings of seven teeth from two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed under professional care |
| title_short | Clinical, radiographic and histological findings of seven teeth from two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) housed under professional care |
| title_sort | clinical radiographic and histological findings of seven teeth from two california sea lions zalophus californianus housed under professional care |
| topic | California sea lion endodontic disease pulpitis dental pulp polyp dental pulp necrosis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1335960/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ananemec clinicalradiographicandhistologicalfindingsofseventeethfromtwocaliforniasealionszalophuscalifornianushousedunderprofessionalcare AT margheritagracis clinicalradiographicandhistologicalfindingsofseventeethfromtwocaliforniasealionszalophuscalifornianushousedunderprofessionalcare AT margheritagracis clinicalradiographicandhistologicalfindingsofseventeethfromtwocaliforniasealionszalophuscalifornianushousedunderprofessionalcare AT taniamonrealpawlowsky clinicalradiographicandhistologicalfindingsofseventeethfromtwocaliforniasealionszalophuscalifornianushousedunderprofessionalcare AT williammagnone clinicalradiographicandhistologicalfindingsofseventeethfromtwocaliforniasealionszalophuscalifornianushousedunderprofessionalcare AT antonellapritelli clinicalradiographicandhistologicalfindingsofseventeethfromtwocaliforniasealionszalophuscalifornianushousedunderprofessionalcare AT cynthiabell clinicalradiographicandhistologicalfindingsofseventeethfromtwocaliforniasealionszalophuscalifornianushousedunderprofessionalcare |