The Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale: structure and validity
Abstract Background Although there is a substantial body of research on the stigma associated with mental illness, much of the extant research has not explicitly focused on the concept of prejudice, which drives discriminatory behaviour. Further, research that has investigated prejudice towards peop...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-018-1871-z |
| _version_ | 1818196124746383360 |
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| author | Amanda Kenny Boris Bizumic Kathleen M. Griffiths |
| author_facet | Amanda Kenny Boris Bizumic Kathleen M. Griffiths |
| author_sort | Amanda Kenny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Although there is a substantial body of research on the stigma associated with mental illness, much of the extant research has not explicitly focused on the concept of prejudice, which drives discriminatory behaviour. Further, research that has investigated prejudice towards people with mental illness has conceptual, theoretical and psychometric limitations. To address these shortcomings, we sought to develop a new measure, the Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale, based on an improved conceptualisation and integration of the stigma and prejudice areas of research. Methods In developing the new scale, we undertook a thematic analysis of existing conceptualisations and measures to identify a pool of potential items for the scale which were subsequently assessed for fidelity and content validity by expert raters. We tested the structure, reliability, and validity of the scale across three studies (Study 1 N = 301; Study 2 N = 164; Study 3 N = 495) using exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, correlational, multiple regression, and ordinal logistic regression analyses using both select and general community samples. Results Study 1 identified four factors underlying prejudice towards people with mental illness: fear/avoidance, malevolence, authoritarianism, and unpredictability. It also confirmed the nomological network, that is, the links of these attitudes with the proposed theoretical antecedents and consequences. Studies 2 and 3 further supported the factor structure of the measure, and provided additional evidence for the nomological network. Conclusions We argue that research into prejudice towards people with mental illness will benefit from the new measure and theoretical framework. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T01:29:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ead5ebcb2af4fecaef52754fafb88e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-244X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T01:29:06Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ead5ebcb2af4fecaef52754fafb88e82022-12-22T00:43:01ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2018-09-0118111310.1186/s12888-018-1871-zThe Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale: structure and validityAmanda Kenny0Boris Bizumic1Kathleen M. Griffiths2Research School of Psychology, The Australian National UniversityResearch School of Psychology, The Australian National UniversityResearch School of Psychology, The Australian National UniversityAbstract Background Although there is a substantial body of research on the stigma associated with mental illness, much of the extant research has not explicitly focused on the concept of prejudice, which drives discriminatory behaviour. Further, research that has investigated prejudice towards people with mental illness has conceptual, theoretical and psychometric limitations. To address these shortcomings, we sought to develop a new measure, the Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale, based on an improved conceptualisation and integration of the stigma and prejudice areas of research. Methods In developing the new scale, we undertook a thematic analysis of existing conceptualisations and measures to identify a pool of potential items for the scale which were subsequently assessed for fidelity and content validity by expert raters. We tested the structure, reliability, and validity of the scale across three studies (Study 1 N = 301; Study 2 N = 164; Study 3 N = 495) using exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, correlational, multiple regression, and ordinal logistic regression analyses using both select and general community samples. Results Study 1 identified four factors underlying prejudice towards people with mental illness: fear/avoidance, malevolence, authoritarianism, and unpredictability. It also confirmed the nomological network, that is, the links of these attitudes with the proposed theoretical antecedents and consequences. Studies 2 and 3 further supported the factor structure of the measure, and provided additional evidence for the nomological network. Conclusions We argue that research into prejudice towards people with mental illness will benefit from the new measure and theoretical framework.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-018-1871-zPrejudiceMental illnessAttitudesStigmaScale development |
| spellingShingle | Amanda Kenny Boris Bizumic Kathleen M. Griffiths The Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale: structure and validity BMC Psychiatry Prejudice Mental illness Attitudes Stigma Scale development |
| title | The Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale: structure and validity |
| title_full | The Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale: structure and validity |
| title_fullStr | The Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale: structure and validity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale: structure and validity |
| title_short | The Prejudice towards People with Mental Illness (PPMI) scale: structure and validity |
| title_sort | prejudice towards people with mental illness ppmi scale structure and validity |
| topic | Prejudice Mental illness Attitudes Stigma Scale development |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-018-1871-z |
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