Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information system
<p>The study investigates the earthquake vulnerability of buildings in Srinagar, an urban city in the Kashmir Himalaya, India. The city, covering an area of around 246 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> and divided into 69 municipal wards, is s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| Online Access: | https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/23/1593/2023/nhess-23-1593-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827958782280335360 |
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| author | M. Fayaz S. A. Romshoo S. A. Romshoo S. A. Romshoo I. Rashid R. Chandra R. Chandra |
| author_facet | M. Fayaz S. A. Romshoo S. A. Romshoo S. A. Romshoo I. Rashid R. Chandra R. Chandra |
| author_sort | M. Fayaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The study investigates the earthquake vulnerability of buildings in
Srinagar, an urban city in the Kashmir Himalaya, India. The city, covering
an area of around 246 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> and divided into 69 municipal wards, is
situated in the tectonically active and densely populated mountain
ecosystem. Given the haphazard development and high earthquake vulnerability
of the city, it is critical to assess the vulnerability of the built
environment to inform policy-making for developing effective earthquake risk
reduction strategies. Integrating various parameters in a geographic
information system (GIS) using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and
technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)
approaches, the ward-wise vulnerability of the buildings revealed that a
total of <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 17 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> area (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 7 % area; 23
wards) has very high to high vulnerability, moderate vulnerability affects
<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 69 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> of the city area (28 % area; 19 wards), and
<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 160 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> area (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 65 % area; 27 wards)
has vulnerability ranging from very low to low. Overall, the downtown wards
are most vulnerable to earthquake damage due to the high risk of pounding,
high building density, and narrower roads with little or no open spaces. The
modern uptown wards, on the other hand, have lower earthquake vulnerability
due to the relatively wider roads and low building density. To build a safe
and resilient city for its 1.5 million citizens, the knowledge generated in
this study would inform action plans for developing earthquake risk
reduction measures, which should include strict implementation of the
building codes, retrofitting of the vulnerable buildings, and creating a
disaster consciousness among its citizenry.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:41:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1eafc0acb7f541668e6748d0d9541cb3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1561-8633 1684-9981 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:41:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1eafc0acb7f541668e6748d0d9541cb32023-04-27T09:01:13ZengCopernicus PublicationsNatural Hazards and Earth System Sciences1561-86331684-99812023-04-01231593161110.5194/nhess-23-1593-2023Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information systemM. Fayaz0S. A. Romshoo1S. A. Romshoo2S. A. Romshoo3I. Rashid4R. Chandra5R. Chandra6Department of Geoinformatics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaDepartment of Geoinformatics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaIslamic University of Science and Technology (IUST), Awantipora, 192122, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaDepartment of Geoinformatics, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, IndiaDepartment of Geology, University of Ladakh, Leh, 194101, Ladakh, India<p>The study investigates the earthquake vulnerability of buildings in Srinagar, an urban city in the Kashmir Himalaya, India. The city, covering an area of around 246 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> and divided into 69 municipal wards, is situated in the tectonically active and densely populated mountain ecosystem. Given the haphazard development and high earthquake vulnerability of the city, it is critical to assess the vulnerability of the built environment to inform policy-making for developing effective earthquake risk reduction strategies. Integrating various parameters in a geographic information system (GIS) using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) approaches, the ward-wise vulnerability of the buildings revealed that a total of <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 17 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> area (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 7 % area; 23 wards) has very high to high vulnerability, moderate vulnerability affects <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 69 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> of the city area (28 % area; 19 wards), and <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 160 km<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> area (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 65 % area; 27 wards) has vulnerability ranging from very low to low. Overall, the downtown wards are most vulnerable to earthquake damage due to the high risk of pounding, high building density, and narrower roads with little or no open spaces. The modern uptown wards, on the other hand, have lower earthquake vulnerability due to the relatively wider roads and low building density. To build a safe and resilient city for its 1.5 million citizens, the knowledge generated in this study would inform action plans for developing earthquake risk reduction measures, which should include strict implementation of the building codes, retrofitting of the vulnerable buildings, and creating a disaster consciousness among its citizenry.</p>https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/23/1593/2023/nhess-23-1593-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Fayaz S. A. Romshoo S. A. Romshoo S. A. Romshoo I. Rashid R. Chandra R. Chandra Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information system Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| title | Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information system |
| title_full | Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information system |
| title_fullStr | Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information system |
| title_short | Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information system |
| title_sort | earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of srinagar kashmir himalaya using a geographic information system |
| url | https://nhess.copernicus.org/articles/23/1593/2023/nhess-23-1593-2023.pdf |
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