Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters Around Early-type M Dwarfs Based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Data
We present an estimate of the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters (7 R _⊕ ≤ R _p ≤ 2 R _J , 0.8 ≤ P _b ≤ 10 days) around early-type M dwarfs based on stars observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its primary mission. We adopt stellar parameters from the TESS Input Catalog and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2022-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9b12 |
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| author | Tianjun Gan Sharon X. Wang Songhu Wang Shude Mao Chelsea X. Huang Karen A. Collins Keivan G. Stassun Avi Shporer Wei Zhu George R. Ricker Roland Vanderspek David W. Latham Sara Seager Joshua N. Winn Jon M. Jenkins Khalid Barkaoui Alexander A. Belinski David R. Ciardi Phil Evans Eric Girardin Nataliia A. Maslennikova Tsevi Mazeh Aviad Panahi Francisco J. Pozuelos Don J. Radford Richard P. Schwarz Joseph D. Twicken Anaël Wünsche Shay Zucker |
| author_facet | Tianjun Gan Sharon X. Wang Songhu Wang Shude Mao Chelsea X. Huang Karen A. Collins Keivan G. Stassun Avi Shporer Wei Zhu George R. Ricker Roland Vanderspek David W. Latham Sara Seager Joshua N. Winn Jon M. Jenkins Khalid Barkaoui Alexander A. Belinski David R. Ciardi Phil Evans Eric Girardin Nataliia A. Maslennikova Tsevi Mazeh Aviad Panahi Francisco J. Pozuelos Don J. Radford Richard P. Schwarz Joseph D. Twicken Anaël Wünsche Shay Zucker |
| author_sort | Tianjun Gan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present an estimate of the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters (7 R _⊕ ≤ R _p ≤ 2 R _J , 0.8 ≤ P _b ≤ 10 days) around early-type M dwarfs based on stars observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its primary mission. We adopt stellar parameters from the TESS Input Catalog and construct a sample of 60,819 M dwarfs with 10.5 ≤ T _mag ≤ 13.5, effective temperatures 2900 ≤ T _eff ≤ 4000 K, and stellar masses 0.45 ≤ M _* ≤ 0.65 M _⊙ . We conduct a uninformed transit search using a detection pipeline based on the box least square search and characterize the searching completeness through an injection and recovery experiment. We combine a series of vetting steps including light centroid measurement, odd/even and secondary eclipse analysis, rotation and transit period synchronization tests as well as inspecting the ground-based photometric, spectroscopic, and imaging observations. Finally, we find a total of nine planet candidates, all of which are known TESS objects of interest. We obtain an occurrence rate of 0.27% ± 0.09% for hot Jupiters around early-type M dwarfs that satisfy our selection criteria. Compared with previous studies, the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters around early-type M dwarfs is smaller than all measurements for FGK stars, although they are consistent within 1 σ –2 σ . There is a trend that the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters has a peak at G dwarfs and falls toward both hotter and cooler stars. Combining results from transit, radial velocity, and microlensing surveys, we find that hot Jupiters around early-type M dwarfs possibly show a steeper decrease in the occurrence rate per logarithmic semimajor axis bin ( ${dN}/d{\mathrm{log}}_{10}a$ ) when compared with FGK stars. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:33:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1eb47bebd23a43b08dc8911b26eac2c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:33:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-1eb47bebd23a43b08dc8911b26eac2c82023-09-03T09:58:19ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812022-01-0116511710.3847/1538-3881/ac9b12Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters Around Early-type M Dwarfs Based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite DataTianjun Gan0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-9705Sharon X. Wang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6937-9034Songhu Wang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7846-6981Shude Mao3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-2788Chelsea X. Huang4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-7484Karen A. Collins5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6588-9574Keivan G. Stassun6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3481-9052Avi Shporer7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-3120Wei Zhu8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-4711George R. Ricker9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-6662Roland Vanderspek10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-6562David W. Latham11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9911-7388Sara Seager12Joshua N. Winn13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4265-047XJon M. Jenkins14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-9460Khalid Barkaoui15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-9276Alexander A. Belinski16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-0989David R. Ciardi17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5741-3047Phil Evans18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5674-2404Eric Girardin19Nataliia A. Maslennikova20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4147-5195Tsevi Mazeh21Aviad Panahi22https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-4373Francisco J. Pozuelos23https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-7707Don J. Radford24Richard P. Schwarz25https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8227-1020Joseph D. Twicken26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-7552Anaël Wünsche27https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6176-9847Shay Zucker28https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3173-3138Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China ; gtj18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cnDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China ; gtj18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cnDepartment of Astronomy, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USADepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China ; gtj18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, People’s Republic of ChinaUniversity of Southern Queensland , Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, AustraliaCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , 6301 Stevenson Center Lane, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Physics, Fisk University , 1000 17th Avenue North, Nashville, TN 37208, USADepartment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China ; gtj18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cnDepartment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics , MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USADepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USANASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USADepartment of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , Calle Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainSternberg Astronomical Institute, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 13, Universitetskij pr., 119234, Moscow, RussiaNASA Exoplanet Science Institute , Caltech/IPAC, Mail Code 100-22, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAEl Sauce Observatory , Coquimbo, 1870000, ChileGrand Pra Observatory , 1984 Les Hauderes, SwitzerlandSternberg Astronomical Institute, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , 13, Universitetskij pr., 119234, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University , 1 bldg. 2, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, RussiaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 6997801, IsraelSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 6997801, IsraelAstrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège , Belgium; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC) , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainAmerican Association of Variable Star Observers , 49 Bay State Road, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USANASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; SETI Institute , 339 Bernardo Ave., Suite 200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USAObservatoire des Baronnies Provencales , F-05150 Moydans, FranceSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 6997801, IsraelWe present an estimate of the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters (7 R _⊕ ≤ R _p ≤ 2 R _J , 0.8 ≤ P _b ≤ 10 days) around early-type M dwarfs based on stars observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its primary mission. We adopt stellar parameters from the TESS Input Catalog and construct a sample of 60,819 M dwarfs with 10.5 ≤ T _mag ≤ 13.5, effective temperatures 2900 ≤ T _eff ≤ 4000 K, and stellar masses 0.45 ≤ M _* ≤ 0.65 M _⊙ . We conduct a uninformed transit search using a detection pipeline based on the box least square search and characterize the searching completeness through an injection and recovery experiment. We combine a series of vetting steps including light centroid measurement, odd/even and secondary eclipse analysis, rotation and transit period synchronization tests as well as inspecting the ground-based photometric, spectroscopic, and imaging observations. Finally, we find a total of nine planet candidates, all of which are known TESS objects of interest. We obtain an occurrence rate of 0.27% ± 0.09% for hot Jupiters around early-type M dwarfs that satisfy our selection criteria. Compared with previous studies, the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters around early-type M dwarfs is smaller than all measurements for FGK stars, although they are consistent within 1 σ –2 σ . There is a trend that the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters has a peak at G dwarfs and falls toward both hotter and cooler stars. Combining results from transit, radial velocity, and microlensing surveys, we find that hot Jupiters around early-type M dwarfs possibly show a steeper decrease in the occurrence rate per logarithmic semimajor axis bin ( ${dN}/d{\mathrm{log}}_{10}a$ ) when compared with FGK stars.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9b12Hot JupitersExoplanet detection methodsExtrasolar gaseous giant planetsAstrostatistics |
| spellingShingle | Tianjun Gan Sharon X. Wang Songhu Wang Shude Mao Chelsea X. Huang Karen A. Collins Keivan G. Stassun Avi Shporer Wei Zhu George R. Ricker Roland Vanderspek David W. Latham Sara Seager Joshua N. Winn Jon M. Jenkins Khalid Barkaoui Alexander A. Belinski David R. Ciardi Phil Evans Eric Girardin Nataliia A. Maslennikova Tsevi Mazeh Aviad Panahi Francisco J. Pozuelos Don J. Radford Richard P. Schwarz Joseph D. Twicken Anaël Wünsche Shay Zucker Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters Around Early-type M Dwarfs Based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Data The Astronomical Journal Hot Jupiters Exoplanet detection methods Extrasolar gaseous giant planets Astrostatistics |
| title | Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters Around Early-type M Dwarfs Based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Data |
| title_full | Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters Around Early-type M Dwarfs Based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Data |
| title_fullStr | Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters Around Early-type M Dwarfs Based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters Around Early-type M Dwarfs Based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Data |
| title_short | Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiters Around Early-type M Dwarfs Based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Data |
| title_sort | occurrence rate of hot jupiters around early type m dwarfs based on transiting exoplanet survey satellite data |
| topic | Hot Jupiters Exoplanet detection methods Extrasolar gaseous giant planets Astrostatistics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9b12 |
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