Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a well-known respiratory disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advancements in the medical field, developing complete treatment strategies against this disease is still a challenge. In the current study, the therapeutic role of prostaglandin D<sub>2...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/6076 |
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| author | Ahmad Almatroudi Mohammed A. Alsahli Mansoor Ali Syed Amjad Ali Khan Arshad Husain Rahmani |
| author_facet | Ahmad Almatroudi Mohammed A. Alsahli Mansoor Ali Syed Amjad Ali Khan Arshad Husain Rahmani |
| author_sort | Ahmad Almatroudi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acute lung injury (ALI) is a well-known respiratory disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advancements in the medical field, developing complete treatment strategies against this disease is still a challenge. In the current study, the therapeutic role of prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> (PGD<sub>2</sub>) was investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice models and RAW264.7 macrophages through anti-inflammatory, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining. The overproduction of cytokines by RAW264.7 macrophages was observed after stimulation with LPS. However, pretreatment with PGD<sub>2</sub> decreased the production of cytokines. The level of inflammatory markers was significantly restored in the PGD<sub>2</sub> treatment group (TNF-α = 58.6 vs. 78.5 pg/mL; IL-1β = 29.3 vs. 36.6 pg/mL; IL-6 = 75.4 vs. 98.2 pg/mL; and CRP = 0.84 vs. 1.14 ng/mL). The wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs was quite significant in the disease control (LPS-only treatment) group. Moreover, the histological changes as determined by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining clearly showed that PGD<sub>2</sub> treatment maintains the lung tissue architecture. The iNOS expression pattern was increased in lung tissues of LPS-treated animals, whereas, in mice treated with PGD<sub>2</sub>, the expression of iNOS protein decreased. Flow cytometry data demonstrated that LPS intoxication enhanced apoptosis, which significantly decreased with PGD<sub>2</sub> treatment. In conclusion, all these observations indicate that PGD<sub>2</sub> provides an anti-inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages and in ALI, and they suggest a therapeutic potential in lung pathogenesis. |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ec3f2a92d994e4c9dd21631aeba446f2023-11-23T15:27:21ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-06-011212607610.3390/app12126076Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of Inflammation and Macrophage PolarizationAhmad Almatroudi0Mohammed A. Alsahli1Mansoor Ali Syed2Amjad Ali Khan3Arshad Husain Rahmani4Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi ArabiaTranslational Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, IndiaDepartment of Basic Health Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi ArabiaAcute lung injury (ALI) is a well-known respiratory disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advancements in the medical field, developing complete treatment strategies against this disease is still a challenge. In the current study, the therapeutic role of prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> (PGD<sub>2</sub>) was investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice models and RAW264.7 macrophages through anti-inflammatory, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining. The overproduction of cytokines by RAW264.7 macrophages was observed after stimulation with LPS. However, pretreatment with PGD<sub>2</sub> decreased the production of cytokines. The level of inflammatory markers was significantly restored in the PGD<sub>2</sub> treatment group (TNF-α = 58.6 vs. 78.5 pg/mL; IL-1β = 29.3 vs. 36.6 pg/mL; IL-6 = 75.4 vs. 98.2 pg/mL; and CRP = 0.84 vs. 1.14 ng/mL). The wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs was quite significant in the disease control (LPS-only treatment) group. Moreover, the histological changes as determined by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining clearly showed that PGD<sub>2</sub> treatment maintains the lung tissue architecture. The iNOS expression pattern was increased in lung tissues of LPS-treated animals, whereas, in mice treated with PGD<sub>2</sub>, the expression of iNOS protein decreased. Flow cytometry data demonstrated that LPS intoxication enhanced apoptosis, which significantly decreased with PGD<sub>2</sub> treatment. In conclusion, all these observations indicate that PGD<sub>2</sub> provides an anti-inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages and in ALI, and they suggest a therapeutic potential in lung pathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/6076lipopolysaccharideacute lung injuryinflammationprostaglandin D<sub>2</sub>bronchial alveolar lavage fluidRAW264.7 macrophages |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Almatroudi Mohammed A. Alsahli Mansoor Ali Syed Amjad Ali Khan Arshad Husain Rahmani Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization Applied Sciences lipopolysaccharide acute lung injury inflammation prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> bronchial alveolar lavage fluid RAW264.7 macrophages |
| title | Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization |
| title_full | Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization |
| title_fullStr | Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization |
| title_short | Prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of Inflammation and Macrophage Polarization |
| title_sort | prostaglandin d sub 2 sub attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury through the modulation of inflammation and macrophage polarization |
| topic | lipopolysaccharide acute lung injury inflammation prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> bronchial alveolar lavage fluid RAW264.7 macrophages |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/12/6076 |
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