Serosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from Upper Egypt
Toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, and Q fever are among the most important abortifacient diseases in ruminants worldwide. These diseases result in huge economic losses in livestock besides the fact that some of are of public health concern. The present study aimed to update the data about the current sero...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1267640/full |
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| author | Shimaa Ismail Farag David Cano-Terriza David Cano-Terriza Moisés Gonzálvez Moisés Gonzálvez Doaa Salman Nasr-Eldin M. Aref Murad A. Mubaraki Débora Jiménez-Martín Ignacio García-Bocanegra Ignacio García-Bocanegra Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy |
| author_facet | Shimaa Ismail Farag David Cano-Terriza David Cano-Terriza Moisés Gonzálvez Moisés Gonzálvez Doaa Salman Nasr-Eldin M. Aref Murad A. Mubaraki Débora Jiménez-Martín Ignacio García-Bocanegra Ignacio García-Bocanegra Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy |
| author_sort | Shimaa Ismail Farag |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, and Q fever are among the most important abortifacient diseases in ruminants worldwide. These diseases result in huge economic losses in livestock besides the fact that some of are of public health concern. The present study aimed to update the data about the current seroepidemiological situation of these diseases in Upper Egypt. A total of 411 blood samples were collected from small and large ruminants and serologically tested against the presence of T. gondii, N. caninum, and C. burnetii. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were performed to assess the potential risk factors associated with the exposure to these pathogens. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 47.9% (197/411) with an individual seropositivity of 59.4% (63/106), 58.6% (17/29), 38.8% (54/139) and 46% (63/137) in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats, respectively. Meanwhile, 9.7% (38/411) of the examined animals were tested positive for anti-N. caninum antibodies, with an individual seropositivity of 13.2% (12/106), 34.5% (10/29), 8.6% (12/139) and 2.9% (4/137) in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats, respectively. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of antibodies against C. burnetii was 17.3% (63/411), and exposure to this pathogen was detected in 4.7% (5/106) of cattle, 19.3% (20/129) of sheep, 29.2% (38/130) of goats but none of the examined buffalo were found to be seropositive. A total of 12.1% (50/411) of the examined animals showed co-exposure to at least two of the tested pathogens. Regarding the potential risk factors, there were statistically significant differences among species in the frequency of exposure to the three tested pathogens. Age (> 6 months) was also shown to be a significant risk factor associated with T. gondii exposure. The results obtained provided updated information about the occurrence of three of the main reproductive pathogens in Upper Egypt. The high seropositivity values found for the tested zoonotic pathogens in most of the analyzed ruminant species suggest the necessity of performing additional in-depth studies to evaluate the epidemiology of these pathogens in the study area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:43:03Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:43:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1edf46f244724ab1b53c6015dfd649eb2023-10-23T07:16:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-10-011010.3389/fvets.2023.12676401267640Serosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from Upper EgyptShimaa Ismail Farag0David Cano-Terriza1David Cano-Terriza2Moisés Gonzálvez3Moisés Gonzálvez4Doaa Salman5Nasr-Eldin M. Aref6Murad A. Mubaraki7Débora Jiménez-Martín8Ignacio García-Bocanegra9Ignacio García-Bocanegra10Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy11Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy12Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainCIBERINFEC, ISCIII CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, SpainDepartment of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptDepartment of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptClinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainCIBERINFEC, ISCIII CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, EgyptToxoplasmosis, neosporosis, and Q fever are among the most important abortifacient diseases in ruminants worldwide. These diseases result in huge economic losses in livestock besides the fact that some of are of public health concern. The present study aimed to update the data about the current seroepidemiological situation of these diseases in Upper Egypt. A total of 411 blood samples were collected from small and large ruminants and serologically tested against the presence of T. gondii, N. caninum, and C. burnetii. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were performed to assess the potential risk factors associated with the exposure to these pathogens. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 47.9% (197/411) with an individual seropositivity of 59.4% (63/106), 58.6% (17/29), 38.8% (54/139) and 46% (63/137) in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats, respectively. Meanwhile, 9.7% (38/411) of the examined animals were tested positive for anti-N. caninum antibodies, with an individual seropositivity of 13.2% (12/106), 34.5% (10/29), 8.6% (12/139) and 2.9% (4/137) in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats, respectively. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of antibodies against C. burnetii was 17.3% (63/411), and exposure to this pathogen was detected in 4.7% (5/106) of cattle, 19.3% (20/129) of sheep, 29.2% (38/130) of goats but none of the examined buffalo were found to be seropositive. A total of 12.1% (50/411) of the examined animals showed co-exposure to at least two of the tested pathogens. Regarding the potential risk factors, there were statistically significant differences among species in the frequency of exposure to the three tested pathogens. Age (> 6 months) was also shown to be a significant risk factor associated with T. gondii exposure. The results obtained provided updated information about the occurrence of three of the main reproductive pathogens in Upper Egypt. The high seropositivity values found for the tested zoonotic pathogens in most of the analyzed ruminant species suggest the necessity of performing additional in-depth studies to evaluate the epidemiology of these pathogens in the study area.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1267640/fullseroprevalenceToxoplasma gondiiNeospora caninumCoxiella burnetiiruminantsEgypt |
| spellingShingle | Shimaa Ismail Farag David Cano-Terriza David Cano-Terriza Moisés Gonzálvez Moisés Gonzálvez Doaa Salman Nasr-Eldin M. Aref Murad A. Mubaraki Débora Jiménez-Martín Ignacio García-Bocanegra Ignacio García-Bocanegra Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy Serosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from Upper Egypt Frontiers in Veterinary Science seroprevalence Toxoplasma gondii Neospora caninum Coxiella burnetii ruminants Egypt |
| title | Serosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from Upper Egypt |
| title_full | Serosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from Upper Egypt |
| title_fullStr | Serosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from Upper Egypt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from Upper Egypt |
| title_short | Serosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from Upper Egypt |
| title_sort | serosurvey of selected reproductive pathogens in domestic ruminants from upper egypt |
| topic | seroprevalence Toxoplasma gondii Neospora caninum Coxiella burnetii ruminants Egypt |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1267640/full |
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