Nitric oxide synthase: non-canonical expression patterns
Science can move ahead by questioning established or canonical views and, so it may be with the enzymes, nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Nitric oxide (NO) is generated by NOS isoforms that are often described by their tissue-specific expression patterns. NOS1 (nNOS) is abundant in neural tissue, NOS2...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00478/full |
| _version_ | 1818518959254667264 |
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| author | Mattila eJoshua Anita Coral Thomas |
| author_facet | Mattila eJoshua Anita Coral Thomas |
| author_sort | Mattila eJoshua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Science can move ahead by questioning established or canonical views and, so it may be with the enzymes, nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Nitric oxide (NO) is generated by NOS isoforms that are often described by their tissue-specific expression patterns. NOS1 (nNOS) is abundant in neural tissue, NOS2 is upregulated in activated macrophages and known as inducible NOS (iNOS), and NOS3 (eNOS) is abundant in endothelium where it regulates vascular tone. These isoforms are described as constitutive or inducible, but in this Perspective we question the broad application of these labels. Are there instances where ‘constitutive’ NOS (NOS1 and NOS3) are inducibly expressed; conversely, are there instances where NOS2 is constitutively expressed? NOS1 and NOS3 inducibility may be linked to post-translational regulation, making their actual patterns activity much more difficult to detect. Constitutive NOS2 expression has been observed several tissues, especially the human pulmonary epithelium where it may regulate airway tone. These data suggest expression of the three NOS enzymes may include non-established patterns. Such information should be useful in designing strategies to modulate these important enzymes in different disease states. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:17:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1eebc489069248e2a142174133b25cdd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:17:22Z |
| publishDate | 2014-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1eebc489069248e2a142174133b25cdd2022-12-22T01:25:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242014-10-01510.3389/fimmu.2014.00478112313Nitric oxide synthase: non-canonical expression patternsMattila eJoshua0Anita Coral Thomas1University of PittsburghUniversity of BristolScience can move ahead by questioning established or canonical views and, so it may be with the enzymes, nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Nitric oxide (NO) is generated by NOS isoforms that are often described by their tissue-specific expression patterns. NOS1 (nNOS) is abundant in neural tissue, NOS2 is upregulated in activated macrophages and known as inducible NOS (iNOS), and NOS3 (eNOS) is abundant in endothelium where it regulates vascular tone. These isoforms are described as constitutive or inducible, but in this Perspective we question the broad application of these labels. Are there instances where ‘constitutive’ NOS (NOS1 and NOS3) are inducibly expressed; conversely, are there instances where NOS2 is constitutively expressed? NOS1 and NOS3 inducibility may be linked to post-translational regulation, making their actual patterns activity much more difficult to detect. Constitutive NOS2 expression has been observed several tissues, especially the human pulmonary epithelium where it may regulate airway tone. These data suggest expression of the three NOS enzymes may include non-established patterns. Such information should be useful in designing strategies to modulate these important enzymes in different disease states.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00478/fullNitric OxideNitric Oxide SynthaseiNOSNOS1eNOSnNOS |
| spellingShingle | Mattila eJoshua Anita Coral Thomas Nitric oxide synthase: non-canonical expression patterns Frontiers in Immunology Nitric Oxide Nitric Oxide Synthase iNOS NOS1 eNOS nNOS |
| title | Nitric oxide synthase: non-canonical expression patterns |
| title_full | Nitric oxide synthase: non-canonical expression patterns |
| title_fullStr | Nitric oxide synthase: non-canonical expression patterns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitric oxide synthase: non-canonical expression patterns |
| title_short | Nitric oxide synthase: non-canonical expression patterns |
| title_sort | nitric oxide synthase non canonical expression patterns |
| topic | Nitric Oxide Nitric Oxide Synthase iNOS NOS1 eNOS nNOS |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00478/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mattilaejoshua nitricoxidesynthasenoncanonicalexpressionpatterns AT anitacoralthomas nitricoxidesynthasenoncanonicalexpressionpatterns |