Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved Outcome
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infective disease with increasing incidence worldwide. From early on, in the antibiotic era, it was recognized that high-dose and long-term antibiotic therapy was correlated to improved outcome. In addition, for several of the common microbial IE eti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.643335/full |
| _version_ | 1818602796502482944 |
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| author | Christian Johann Lerche Franziska Schwartz Marie Theut Emil Loldrup Fosbøl Kasper Iversen Kasper Iversen Henning Bundgaard Niels Høiby Niels Høiby Claus Moser |
| author_facet | Christian Johann Lerche Franziska Schwartz Marie Theut Emil Loldrup Fosbøl Kasper Iversen Kasper Iversen Henning Bundgaard Niels Høiby Niels Høiby Claus Moser |
| author_sort | Christian Johann Lerche |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infective disease with increasing incidence worldwide. From early on, in the antibiotic era, it was recognized that high-dose and long-term antibiotic therapy was correlated to improved outcome. In addition, for several of the common microbial IE etiologies, the use of combination antibiotic therapy further improves outcome. IE vegetations on affected heart valves from patients and experimental animal models resemble biofilm infections. Besides the recalcitrant nature of IE, the microorganisms often present in an aggregated form, and gradients of bacterial activity in the vegetations can be observed. Even after appropriate antibiotic therapy, such microbial formations can often be identified in surgically removed, infected heart valves. Therefore, persistent or recurrent cases of IE, after apparent initial infection control, can be related to biofilm formation in the heart valve vegetations. On this background, the present review will describe potentially novel non-antibiotic, antimicrobial approaches in IE, with special focus on anti-thrombotic strategies and hyperbaric oxygen therapy targeting the biofilm formation of the infected heart valves caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The format is translational from preclinical models to actual clinical treatment strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T13:12:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1efc92598c674401a2bedc7272ab7fa3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T13:12:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1efc92598c674401a2bedc7272ab7fa32022-12-21T22:30:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-06-01910.3389/fcell.2021.643335643335Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved OutcomeChristian Johann Lerche0Franziska Schwartz1Marie Theut2Emil Loldrup Fosbøl3Kasper Iversen4Kasper Iversen5Henning Bundgaard6Niels Høiby7Niels Høiby8Claus Moser9Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkCosterton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkInfective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infective disease with increasing incidence worldwide. From early on, in the antibiotic era, it was recognized that high-dose and long-term antibiotic therapy was correlated to improved outcome. In addition, for several of the common microbial IE etiologies, the use of combination antibiotic therapy further improves outcome. IE vegetations on affected heart valves from patients and experimental animal models resemble biofilm infections. Besides the recalcitrant nature of IE, the microorganisms often present in an aggregated form, and gradients of bacterial activity in the vegetations can be observed. Even after appropriate antibiotic therapy, such microbial formations can often be identified in surgically removed, infected heart valves. Therefore, persistent or recurrent cases of IE, after apparent initial infection control, can be related to biofilm formation in the heart valve vegetations. On this background, the present review will describe potentially novel non-antibiotic, antimicrobial approaches in IE, with special focus on anti-thrombotic strategies and hyperbaric oxygen therapy targeting the biofilm formation of the infected heart valves caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The format is translational from preclinical models to actual clinical treatment strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.643335/fullbiofilminfective endocarditisinnate immunityStaphylococcus aureusdabigatranhyperbaric oxygen therapy |
| spellingShingle | Christian Johann Lerche Franziska Schwartz Marie Theut Emil Loldrup Fosbøl Kasper Iversen Kasper Iversen Henning Bundgaard Niels Høiby Niels Høiby Claus Moser Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved Outcome Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology biofilm infective endocarditis innate immunity Staphylococcus aureus dabigatran hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
| title | Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved Outcome |
| title_full | Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved Outcome |
| title_fullStr | Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved Outcome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved Outcome |
| title_short | Anti-biofilm Approach in Infective Endocarditis Exposes New Treatment Strategies for Improved Outcome |
| title_sort | anti biofilm approach in infective endocarditis exposes new treatment strategies for improved outcome |
| topic | biofilm infective endocarditis innate immunity Staphylococcus aureus dabigatran hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.643335/full |
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