The histone deacetylase Hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Trichoderma atroviride
ABSTRACTThe mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride is applied in agriculture as a biostimulant and biologic control agent against fungal pathogens that infest crop plants. Secondary metabolites are among the main agents determining the strength and progress of the mycoparasitic attack. However,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03097-23 |
| _version_ | 1797276724711391232 |
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| author | Verena Speckbacher Daniel Flatschacher Nora Martini-Lösch Laura Ulbrich Clara Baldin Ingo Bauer Veronika Ruzsanyi Susanne Zeilinger |
| author_facet | Verena Speckbacher Daniel Flatschacher Nora Martini-Lösch Laura Ulbrich Clara Baldin Ingo Bauer Veronika Ruzsanyi Susanne Zeilinger |
| author_sort | Verena Speckbacher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTThe mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride is applied in agriculture as a biostimulant and biologic control agent against fungal pathogens that infest crop plants. Secondary metabolites are among the main agents determining the strength and progress of the mycoparasitic attack. However, expression of most secondary metabolism-associated genes requires specific cues, as they are silent under routine laboratory conditions due to their maintenance in an inactive heterochromatin state. Therefore, histone modifications are crucial for the regulation of secondary metabolism. Here, we functionally investigated the role of the class II histone deacetylase encoding gene hda1 of T. atroviride by targeted gene deletion, phenotypic characterization, and multi-omics approaches. Deletion of hda1 did not result in obvious phenotypic alterations but led to an enhanced inhibitory activity of secreted metabolites and reduced mycoparasitic abilities of T. atroviride against the plant-pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani. The ∆hda1 mutants emitted altered amounts of four volatile organic compounds along their development, produced different metabolite profiles upon growth in liquid culture, and showed a higher susceptibility to oxidative and osmotic stress. Moreover, hda1 deletion affected the expression of several notable gene categories such as polyketide synthases, transcription factors, and genes involved in the HOG MAPK pathway.IMPORTANCEHistone deacetylases play crucial roles in regulating chromatin structure and gene transcription. To date, classical—Zn2+ dependent—fungal histone deacetylases are divided into two classes, of which each comprises orthologues of the two sub-groups Rpd3 and Hos2 and Hda1 and Hos3 of yeast, respectively. However, the role of these chromatin remodelers in mycoparasitic fungi is poorly understood. In this study, we provide evidence that Hda1, the class II histone deacetylases of the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride, regulates its mycoparasitic activity, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance. The function of Hda1 in regulating bioactive metabolite production and mycoparasitism reveals the importance of chromatin-dependent regulation in the ability of T. atroviride to successfully control fungal plant pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:33:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f009e9637a9445197a086fcce0fe034 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:33:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f009e9637a9445197a086fcce0fe0342024-03-05T14:04:36ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972024-03-0112310.1128/spectrum.03097-23The histone deacetylase Hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Trichoderma atrovirideVerena Speckbacher0Daniel Flatschacher1Nora Martini-Lösch2Laura Ulbrich3Clara Baldin4Ingo Bauer5Veronika Ruzsanyi6Susanne Zeilinger7Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaUmweltmonitoring und Forensische Chemie, Hochschule Hamm-Lippstadt, Hamm, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaInstitute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaBreath Research Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Dornbirn, AustriaDepartment of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaABSTRACTThe mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride is applied in agriculture as a biostimulant and biologic control agent against fungal pathogens that infest crop plants. Secondary metabolites are among the main agents determining the strength and progress of the mycoparasitic attack. However, expression of most secondary metabolism-associated genes requires specific cues, as they are silent under routine laboratory conditions due to their maintenance in an inactive heterochromatin state. Therefore, histone modifications are crucial for the regulation of secondary metabolism. Here, we functionally investigated the role of the class II histone deacetylase encoding gene hda1 of T. atroviride by targeted gene deletion, phenotypic characterization, and multi-omics approaches. Deletion of hda1 did not result in obvious phenotypic alterations but led to an enhanced inhibitory activity of secreted metabolites and reduced mycoparasitic abilities of T. atroviride against the plant-pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani. The ∆hda1 mutants emitted altered amounts of four volatile organic compounds along their development, produced different metabolite profiles upon growth in liquid culture, and showed a higher susceptibility to oxidative and osmotic stress. Moreover, hda1 deletion affected the expression of several notable gene categories such as polyketide synthases, transcription factors, and genes involved in the HOG MAPK pathway.IMPORTANCEHistone deacetylases play crucial roles in regulating chromatin structure and gene transcription. To date, classical—Zn2+ dependent—fungal histone deacetylases are divided into two classes, of which each comprises orthologues of the two sub-groups Rpd3 and Hos2 and Hda1 and Hos3 of yeast, respectively. However, the role of these chromatin remodelers in mycoparasitic fungi is poorly understood. In this study, we provide evidence that Hda1, the class II histone deacetylases of the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride, regulates its mycoparasitic activity, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance. The function of Hda1 in regulating bioactive metabolite production and mycoparasitism reveals the importance of chromatin-dependent regulation in the ability of T. atroviride to successfully control fungal plant pathogens.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03097-23histone deacetylaseTrichoderma atroviridesecondary metabolitesmycoparasitismoxidative and osmotic stressvolatile organic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Verena Speckbacher Daniel Flatschacher Nora Martini-Lösch Laura Ulbrich Clara Baldin Ingo Bauer Veronika Ruzsanyi Susanne Zeilinger The histone deacetylase Hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Trichoderma atroviride Microbiology Spectrum histone deacetylase Trichoderma atroviride secondary metabolites mycoparasitism oxidative and osmotic stress volatile organic compounds |
| title | The histone deacetylase Hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Trichoderma atroviride |
| title_full | The histone deacetylase Hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Trichoderma atroviride |
| title_fullStr | The histone deacetylase Hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Trichoderma atroviride |
| title_full_unstemmed | The histone deacetylase Hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Trichoderma atroviride |
| title_short | The histone deacetylase Hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Trichoderma atroviride |
| title_sort | histone deacetylase hda1 affects oxidative and osmotic stress response as well as mycoparasitic activity and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in trichoderma atroviride |
| topic | histone deacetylase Trichoderma atroviride secondary metabolites mycoparasitism oxidative and osmotic stress volatile organic compounds |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03097-23 |
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