Lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II
Wine is believed to be a significant source of lead in the human diet even though the lead content of wines has decreased considerably over the last thirty years. Nevertheless, the lead content of wines must be reduced to a minimum since this heavy metal is highly toxic. The plant cell wall pectic p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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International Viticulture and Enology Society
1997-03-01
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| Series: | OENO One |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://oeno-one.eu/article/view/1093 |
| _version_ | 1818439294128226304 |
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| author | Patrice Pellerin Malcolm A. O'Neill Cécile Pierre Marie-Thérèse Cabanis Alan G. Darvill Peter Albersheim Michel Moutounet |
| author_facet | Patrice Pellerin Malcolm A. O'Neill Cécile Pierre Marie-Thérèse Cabanis Alan G. Darvill Peter Albersheim Michel Moutounet |
| author_sort | Patrice Pellerin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wine is believed to be a significant source of lead in the human diet even though the lead content of wines has decreased considerably over the last thirty years. Nevertheless, the lead content of wines must be reduced to a minimum since this heavy metal is highly toxic.
The plant cell wall pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan Il (RG-II) is a predominant anionic molecule in red wine. RG-Il exists as a dimer (dRG-Il-B) that is cross-linked by a 1:2 borate-diol ester and forms complexes in vitro with lead and other selected di- and tri-valent cations. One mole of dimer binds at least 1 mole of Pb2+. We have now determined the amount of lead in wines that is bound to dRG-II-B since previous studies have suggested that most of the lead in wine is bound to an anionic macromolecule.
Seven wines, with lead concentrations between 30 and 110 μg/l, were obtained from different grape varieties harvested at different vintages and vinified by different procedures. Two chromatography steps, adsorption on a polystyrene- divinylbenzene resin and size-exclusion on a Superdex® 75-HR column, have been used to purify a d-RG-II-B-lead complex which contained at least 85 p. cent of the total lead of each wine. The dRG-II-B-Pb complex is stable at the pH of wine and is present in a wine that was procluced in 1988. The dRG-II-B present in red (~ 100 mg/l) and white (~ 20 mg/l) wines can bind at least ten-fold more Pb2+ than is typically present in wine.
Our study is the first to show that in wine most of the lead is complexed with a pectic polysaccharide that is not degraded during vinification. dRG-II-B is also known to form complexes with other cations, including strontium and barium. However, it is not known what role dRG-II-B has in determining the metabolic fate in humans of toxic cations present in wine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:54:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f1d57106ee148a383897274d11497f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2494-1271 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:54:10Z |
| publishDate | 1997-03-01 |
| publisher | International Viticulture and Enology Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | OENO One |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f1d57106ee148a383897274d11497f52022-12-21T22:52:35ZengInternational Viticulture and Enology SocietyOENO One2494-12711997-03-01311334110.20870/oeno-one.1997.31.1.10931093Lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan IIPatrice Pellerin0Malcolm A. O'Neill1Cécile Pierre2Marie-Thérèse Cabanis3Alan G. Darvill4Peter Albersheim5Michel Moutounet6Unité de Recherches des Polymères et des Techniques Physico-Chimiques, LN.RA., Institut des Produits de la Vigne, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex (France)Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712 (USA)Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Produits de la Vigne, Unité de Recherches des Polymères et des Techniques Physico-Chimiques, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex (France)Université de Montpellier I, Faculté de Pharmacie, Centre de formation et de Recherche en oenologie, 15, avenue Charles Flahault, B.P.14.491, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, FranceComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712 (USA)Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712 (USA)Viticulture-OEnologie, Agro de Montpellier, 2 place Viala, Montpellier, FranceWine is believed to be a significant source of lead in the human diet even though the lead content of wines has decreased considerably over the last thirty years. Nevertheless, the lead content of wines must be reduced to a minimum since this heavy metal is highly toxic. The plant cell wall pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan Il (RG-II) is a predominant anionic molecule in red wine. RG-Il exists as a dimer (dRG-Il-B) that is cross-linked by a 1:2 borate-diol ester and forms complexes in vitro with lead and other selected di- and tri-valent cations. One mole of dimer binds at least 1 mole of Pb2+. We have now determined the amount of lead in wines that is bound to dRG-II-B since previous studies have suggested that most of the lead in wine is bound to an anionic macromolecule. Seven wines, with lead concentrations between 30 and 110 μg/l, were obtained from different grape varieties harvested at different vintages and vinified by different procedures. Two chromatography steps, adsorption on a polystyrene- divinylbenzene resin and size-exclusion on a Superdex® 75-HR column, have been used to purify a d-RG-II-B-lead complex which contained at least 85 p. cent of the total lead of each wine. The dRG-II-B-Pb complex is stable at the pH of wine and is present in a wine that was procluced in 1988. The dRG-II-B present in red (~ 100 mg/l) and white (~ 20 mg/l) wines can bind at least ten-fold more Pb2+ than is typically present in wine. Our study is the first to show that in wine most of the lead is complexed with a pectic polysaccharide that is not degraded during vinification. dRG-II-B is also known to form complexes with other cations, including strontium and barium. However, it is not known what role dRG-II-B has in determining the metabolic fate in humans of toxic cations present in wine.https://oeno-one.eu/article/view/1093wineleadPb2 cationrhamnogalacturonan IIpectic polysaccharidenutritionhealthtoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Patrice Pellerin Malcolm A. O'Neill Cécile Pierre Marie-Thérèse Cabanis Alan G. Darvill Peter Albersheim Michel Moutounet Lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II OENO One wine lead Pb2 cation rhamnogalacturonan II pectic polysaccharide nutrition health toxicity |
| title | Lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II |
| title_full | Lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II |
| title_fullStr | Lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II |
| title_short | Lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II |
| title_sort | lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan ii |
| topic | wine lead Pb2 cation rhamnogalacturonan II pectic polysaccharide nutrition health toxicity |
| url | https://oeno-one.eu/article/view/1093 |
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