Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its <i>Wolbachia</i> Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand
Canine filariasis is caused by several nematode species, such as <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>, <i>Dirofilaria repens</i>, <i>Brugia pahangi</i>, <i>Brugia malayi</i>, and <i>Acanthocheilonema reconditum</i>. Zoonotic filariasis is one of the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/8/3/114 |
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| author | Hathaithip Satjawongvanit Atchara Phumee Sonthaya Tiawsirisup Sivapong Sungpradit Narisa Brownell Padet Siriyasatien Kanok Preativatanyou |
| author_facet | Hathaithip Satjawongvanit Atchara Phumee Sonthaya Tiawsirisup Sivapong Sungpradit Narisa Brownell Padet Siriyasatien Kanok Preativatanyou |
| author_sort | Hathaithip Satjawongvanit |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Canine filariasis is caused by several nematode species, such as <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>, <i>Dirofilaria repens</i>, <i>Brugia pahangi</i>, <i>Brugia malayi</i>, and <i>Acanthocheilonema reconditum</i>. Zoonotic filariasis is one of the world’s neglected tropical diseases. Since 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted a global filarial eradication program to eliminate filariasis by 2020. Apart from vector control strategies, the infection control of reservoir hosts is necessary for more effective filariasis control. In addition, many studies have reported that <i>Wolbachia</i> is necessary for the development, reproduction, and survival of the filarial nematode. Consequently, the use of antibiotics to kill <i>Wolbachia</i> in nematodes has now become an alternative strategy to control filariasis. Previously, a case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis caused by <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. has been reported in a woman who resides in the center of Bangkok, Thailand. Therefore, our study aimed to principally demonstrate the presence of filarial nematodes and <i>Wolbachia</i> bacteria in blood collected from domestic dogs from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. A total of 57 blood samples from dogs with suspected dirofilariasis who had visited veterinary clinics in Bangkok were collected. The investigations for the presence of microfilaria were carried out by using both microscopic and molecular examinations. PCR was used as the molecular detection method for the filarial nematodes based on the <i>COI</i> and <i>ITS1</i> regions. The demonstration of <i>Wolbachia</i> was performed using PCR to amplify the <i>FtsZ</i> gene. All positive samples by PCR were then cloned and sequenced. The results showed that the filarial nematodes were detected in 16 samples (28.07%) using microscopic examinations. The molecular detection of filarial species using <i>COI</i>-PCR revealed that 50 samples (87.72%) were positive; these consisted of 33 (57.89%), 13 (22.81%), and 4 (7.02%) samples for <i>D. immitis</i>, <i>B. pahangi</i>, and <i>B. malayi,</i> respectively. While the <i>ITS1</i>-PCR showed that 41 samples (71.93%) were positive—30 samples (52.63%) were identified as containing <i>D. immitis</i> and 11 samples (19.30%) were identified to have <i>B. pahangi</i>, whereas <i>B. malayi</i> was not detected. Forty-seven samples (82.45%) were positive for <i>Wolbachia</i> DNA and the phylogenetic tree of all positive <i>Wolbachia</i> was classified into the supergroup C clade. This study has established fundamental data on filariasis associated with <i>Wolbachia</i> infection in domestic dogs in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. An extensive survey of dog blood samples would provide valuable epidemiologic data on potential zoonotic filariasis in Thailand. In addition, this information could be used for the future development of more effective prevention and control strategies for canine filariasis in Thailand. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:10:50Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1f29c407542b4ad982e3f478ada73c2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:10:50Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f29c407542b4ad982e3f478ada73c2e2022-12-22T02:52:53ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172019-07-018311410.3390/pathogens8030114pathogens8030114Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its <i>Wolbachia</i> Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, ThailandHathaithip Satjawongvanit0Atchara Phumee1Sonthaya Tiawsirisup2Sivapong Sungpradit3Narisa Brownell4Padet Siriyasatien5Kanok Preativatanyou6Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandVector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandVeterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandDepartment of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, ThailandVector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandVector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandVector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandCanine filariasis is caused by several nematode species, such as <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>, <i>Dirofilaria repens</i>, <i>Brugia pahangi</i>, <i>Brugia malayi</i>, and <i>Acanthocheilonema reconditum</i>. Zoonotic filariasis is one of the world’s neglected tropical diseases. Since 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted a global filarial eradication program to eliminate filariasis by 2020. Apart from vector control strategies, the infection control of reservoir hosts is necessary for more effective filariasis control. In addition, many studies have reported that <i>Wolbachia</i> is necessary for the development, reproduction, and survival of the filarial nematode. Consequently, the use of antibiotics to kill <i>Wolbachia</i> in nematodes has now become an alternative strategy to control filariasis. Previously, a case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis caused by <i>Dirofilaria</i> spp. has been reported in a woman who resides in the center of Bangkok, Thailand. Therefore, our study aimed to principally demonstrate the presence of filarial nematodes and <i>Wolbachia</i> bacteria in blood collected from domestic dogs from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. A total of 57 blood samples from dogs with suspected dirofilariasis who had visited veterinary clinics in Bangkok were collected. The investigations for the presence of microfilaria were carried out by using both microscopic and molecular examinations. PCR was used as the molecular detection method for the filarial nematodes based on the <i>COI</i> and <i>ITS1</i> regions. The demonstration of <i>Wolbachia</i> was performed using PCR to amplify the <i>FtsZ</i> gene. All positive samples by PCR were then cloned and sequenced. The results showed that the filarial nematodes were detected in 16 samples (28.07%) using microscopic examinations. The molecular detection of filarial species using <i>COI</i>-PCR revealed that 50 samples (87.72%) were positive; these consisted of 33 (57.89%), 13 (22.81%), and 4 (7.02%) samples for <i>D. immitis</i>, <i>B. pahangi</i>, and <i>B. malayi,</i> respectively. While the <i>ITS1</i>-PCR showed that 41 samples (71.93%) were positive—30 samples (52.63%) were identified as containing <i>D. immitis</i> and 11 samples (19.30%) were identified to have <i>B. pahangi</i>, whereas <i>B. malayi</i> was not detected. Forty-seven samples (82.45%) were positive for <i>Wolbachia</i> DNA and the phylogenetic tree of all positive <i>Wolbachia</i> was classified into the supergroup C clade. This study has established fundamental data on filariasis associated with <i>Wolbachia</i> infection in domestic dogs in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. An extensive survey of dog blood samples would provide valuable epidemiologic data on potential zoonotic filariasis in Thailand. In addition, this information could be used for the future development of more effective prevention and control strategies for canine filariasis in Thailand.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/8/3/114dogfilariasis<i>D. immitis</i><i>B. pahangi</i><i>B. malayi</i>zoonosisThailand |
| spellingShingle | Hathaithip Satjawongvanit Atchara Phumee Sonthaya Tiawsirisup Sivapong Sungpradit Narisa Brownell Padet Siriyasatien Kanok Preativatanyou Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its <i>Wolbachia</i> Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand Pathogens dog filariasis <i>D. immitis</i> <i>B. pahangi</i> <i>B. malayi</i> zoonosis Thailand |
| title | Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its <i>Wolbachia</i> Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand |
| title_full | Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its <i>Wolbachia</i> Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its <i>Wolbachia</i> Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its <i>Wolbachia</i> Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand |
| title_short | Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its <i>Wolbachia</i> Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand |
| title_sort | molecular analysis of canine filaria and its i wolbachia i endosymbionts in domestic dogs collected from two animal university hospitals in bangkok metropolitan region thailand |
| topic | dog filariasis <i>D. immitis</i> <i>B. pahangi</i> <i>B. malayi</i> zoonosis Thailand |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/8/3/114 |
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