Surface Heterogeneous Nucleation-Mediated Release of Beta-Carotene from Porous Silicon
We demonstrate that the release of a poorly soluble molecule from nanoporous carriers is a complex process that undergoes heterogeneous surface nucleation events even under significantly diluted release conditions, and that those events heavily affect the dynamics of release. Using beta-carotene and...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/9/1659 |
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| author | Chiara Piotto Sidharam P. Pujari Han Zuilhof Paolo Bettotti |
| author_facet | Chiara Piotto Sidharam P. Pujari Han Zuilhof Paolo Bettotti |
| author_sort | Chiara Piotto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We demonstrate that the release of a poorly soluble molecule from nanoporous carriers is a complex process that undergoes heterogeneous surface nucleation events even under significantly diluted release conditions, and that those events heavily affect the dynamics of release. Using beta-carotene and porous silicon as loaded molecule and carrier model, respectively, we show that the cargo easily nucleates at the pore surface during the release, forming micro- to macroscopic solid particles at the pores surface. These particles dissolve at a much slower pace, compared to the rate of dissolution of pure beta-carotene in the same solvent, and they negatively affect the reproducibility of the release experiments, possibly because their solubility depends on their size distribution. We propose to exploit this aspect to use release kinetics as a better alternative to the induction time method, and to thereby detect heterogenous nucleation during release experiments. In fact, release dynamics provide much higher sensitivity and reproducibility as they average over the entire sample surface instead of depending on statistical analysis over a small area to find clusters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:54:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f36f28376d740f4b9b3ac7e444ce344 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:54:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f36f28376d740f4b9b3ac7e444ce3442023-11-20T11:10:30ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-08-01109165910.3390/nano10091659Surface Heterogeneous Nucleation-Mediated Release of Beta-Carotene from Porous SiliconChiara Piotto0Sidharam P. Pujari1Han Zuilhof2Paolo Bettotti3Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, ItalyLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 Wageningen, The NetherlandsLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 Wageningen, The NetherlandsNanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, ItalyWe demonstrate that the release of a poorly soluble molecule from nanoporous carriers is a complex process that undergoes heterogeneous surface nucleation events even under significantly diluted release conditions, and that those events heavily affect the dynamics of release. Using beta-carotene and porous silicon as loaded molecule and carrier model, respectively, we show that the cargo easily nucleates at the pore surface during the release, forming micro- to macroscopic solid particles at the pores surface. These particles dissolve at a much slower pace, compared to the rate of dissolution of pure beta-carotene in the same solvent, and they negatively affect the reproducibility of the release experiments, possibly because their solubility depends on their size distribution. We propose to exploit this aspect to use release kinetics as a better alternative to the induction time method, and to thereby detect heterogenous nucleation during release experiments. In fact, release dynamics provide much higher sensitivity and reproducibility as they average over the entire sample surface instead of depending on statistical analysis over a small area to find clusters.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/9/1659porous siliconheterogeneous nucleationdrug deliverycarotenenanopores |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Piotto Sidharam P. Pujari Han Zuilhof Paolo Bettotti Surface Heterogeneous Nucleation-Mediated Release of Beta-Carotene from Porous Silicon Nanomaterials porous silicon heterogeneous nucleation drug delivery carotene nanopores |
| title | Surface Heterogeneous Nucleation-Mediated Release of Beta-Carotene from Porous Silicon |
| title_full | Surface Heterogeneous Nucleation-Mediated Release of Beta-Carotene from Porous Silicon |
| title_fullStr | Surface Heterogeneous Nucleation-Mediated Release of Beta-Carotene from Porous Silicon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface Heterogeneous Nucleation-Mediated Release of Beta-Carotene from Porous Silicon |
| title_short | Surface Heterogeneous Nucleation-Mediated Release of Beta-Carotene from Porous Silicon |
| title_sort | surface heterogeneous nucleation mediated release of beta carotene from porous silicon |
| topic | porous silicon heterogeneous nucleation drug delivery carotene nanopores |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/9/1659 |
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