Kidney cancer biomarkers and targets for therapeutics: survivin (BIRC5), XIAP, MCL-1, HIF1α, HIF2α, NRF2, MDM2, MDM4, p53, KRAS and AKT in renal cell carcinoma
Abstract The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing worldwide with an approximate 20% mortality rate. The challenge in RCC is the therapy-resistance. Cancer resistance to treatment employs multiple mechanisms due to cancer heterogeneity with multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations...
Main Authors: | Fengzhi Li, Ieman A. M. Aljahdali, Renyuan Zhang, Kent L. Nastiuk, John J. Krolewski, Xiang Ling |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2021-08-01
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Series: | Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-02026-1 |
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