Centrality-Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Hadrons and Quarks Based on <i>p</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> Spectrum and Particle Yield Ratio in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC Energies
We analyze the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> spectra of <inline-formula&...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/8/420 |
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| author | Xing-Wei He Hua-Rong Wei Bi-Hai Hong Hong-Yu Wu Wei-Ting Zhu Feng-Min Wu |
| author_facet | Xing-Wei He Hua-Rong Wei Bi-Hai Hong Hong-Yu Wu Wei-Ting Zhu Feng-Min Wu |
| author_sort | Xing-Wei He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We analyze the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> spectra of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <i>p</i>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mi>p</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula> produced in different centralities’ Au-Au collisions at different collision energies from 7.7 to 62.4 GeV using a two-component Erlang distribution in the framework of a multi-source thermal model. The fitting results are consistent with the experimental data, and the yield ratios of negative to positive particles are obtained from the normalization constants. Based on the yield ratios, the chemical potentials of light hadrons (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <i>K</i>, and <i>p</i>) and quarks (<i>u</i>, <i>d</i>, and <i>s</i>) are extracted. This study shows that only the yield ratios of <i>p</i> decrease with the increase in centrality. The logarithms of these yield ratios in the same centrality show obvious linear dependence on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The extracted chemical potentials (the absolute magnitude for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of light hadrons and quarks decrease with the increase in energy. The curves of chemical potential vs. energy for all centralities derived from the linear fits of the logarithms of the yield ratio as a function of energy have their maximum (the absolute magnitude for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) at the same energy of 3.526 GeV, which is possibly the critical energy of phase transition from a liquid-like hadron state to a gas-like quark state in the collision system. |
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| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:24:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f3fc9f3d95445a28aea0809c036e4d72023-11-30T22:36:27ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972022-08-018842010.3390/universe8080420Centrality-Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Hadrons and Quarks Based on <i>p</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> Spectrum and Particle Yield Ratio in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC EnergiesXing-Wei He0Hua-Rong Wei1Bi-Hai Hong2Hong-Yu Wu3Wei-Ting Zhu4Feng-Min Wu5Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, ChinaInstitute of Optoelectronic Technology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, ChinaInstitute of Optoelectronic Technology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, ChinaInstitute of Optoelectronic Technology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, ChinaInstitute of Optoelectronic Technology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, ChinaDepartment of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaWe analyze the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi>p</mi><mi>T</mi></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> spectra of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <i>p</i>, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mover accent="true"><mi>p</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></semantics></math></inline-formula> produced in different centralities’ Au-Au collisions at different collision energies from 7.7 to 62.4 GeV using a two-component Erlang distribution in the framework of a multi-source thermal model. The fitting results are consistent with the experimental data, and the yield ratios of negative to positive particles are obtained from the normalization constants. Based on the yield ratios, the chemical potentials of light hadrons (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <i>K</i>, and <i>p</i>) and quarks (<i>u</i>, <i>d</i>, and <i>s</i>) are extracted. This study shows that only the yield ratios of <i>p</i> decrease with the increase in centrality. The logarithms of these yield ratios in the same centrality show obvious linear dependence on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The extracted chemical potentials (the absolute magnitude for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) of light hadrons and quarks decrease with the increase in energy. The curves of chemical potential vs. energy for all centralities derived from the linear fits of the logarithms of the yield ratio as a function of energy have their maximum (the absolute magnitude for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>π</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>) at the same energy of 3.526 GeV, which is possibly the critical energy of phase transition from a liquid-like hadron state to a gas-like quark state in the collision system.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/8/420transverse momentum spectrayield ratio of negative to positive particleschemical potential of particlecritical end point of phase transition |
| spellingShingle | Xing-Wei He Hua-Rong Wei Bi-Hai Hong Hong-Yu Wu Wei-Ting Zhu Feng-Min Wu Centrality-Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Hadrons and Quarks Based on <i>p</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> Spectrum and Particle Yield Ratio in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC Energies Universe transverse momentum spectra yield ratio of negative to positive particles chemical potential of particle critical end point of phase transition |
| title | Centrality-Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Hadrons and Quarks Based on <i>p</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> Spectrum and Particle Yield Ratio in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC Energies |
| title_full | Centrality-Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Hadrons and Quarks Based on <i>p</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> Spectrum and Particle Yield Ratio in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC Energies |
| title_fullStr | Centrality-Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Hadrons and Quarks Based on <i>p</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> Spectrum and Particle Yield Ratio in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC Energies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Centrality-Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Hadrons and Quarks Based on <i>p</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> Spectrum and Particle Yield Ratio in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC Energies |
| title_short | Centrality-Dependent Chemical Potentials of Light Hadrons and Quarks Based on <i>p</i><sub><i>T</i></sub> Spectrum and Particle Yield Ratio in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC Energies |
| title_sort | centrality dependent chemical potentials of light hadrons and quarks based on i p i sub i t i sub spectrum and particle yield ratio in au au collisions at rhic energies |
| topic | transverse momentum spectra yield ratio of negative to positive particles chemical potential of particle critical end point of phase transition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/8/420 |
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