Description of the COVID-19 epidemiology in Malaysia
IntroductionSince the COVID-19 pandemic began, it has spread rapidly across the world and has resulted in recurrent outbreaks. This study aims to describe the COVID-19 epidemiology in terms of COVID-19 cases, deaths, ICU admissions, ventilator requirements, testing, incidence rate, death rate, case...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1289622/full |
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| author | Mohamad Nadzmi Md Nadzri Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Md Zamri Sarbhan Singh Mohd Ghazali Sumarni Chee Herng Lai Cia Vei Tan Tahir Aris Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim Balvinder Singh Gill Nur’Ain Mohd Ghazali Nuur Hafizah Md Iderus Mei Cheng Lim Lonny Chen Rong Qi Ahmad Mohd Kamarulariffin Kamarudin Nur Ar Rabiah Ahmad Kok Keng Tee Asrul Anuar Zulkifli Asrul Anuar Zulkifli |
| author_facet | Mohamad Nadzmi Md Nadzri Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Md Zamri Sarbhan Singh Mohd Ghazali Sumarni Chee Herng Lai Cia Vei Tan Tahir Aris Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim Balvinder Singh Gill Nur’Ain Mohd Ghazali Nuur Hafizah Md Iderus Mei Cheng Lim Lonny Chen Rong Qi Ahmad Mohd Kamarulariffin Kamarudin Nur Ar Rabiah Ahmad Kok Keng Tee Asrul Anuar Zulkifli Asrul Anuar Zulkifli |
| author_sort | Mohamad Nadzmi Md Nadzri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionSince the COVID-19 pandemic began, it has spread rapidly across the world and has resulted in recurrent outbreaks. This study aims to describe the COVID-19 epidemiology in terms of COVID-19 cases, deaths, ICU admissions, ventilator requirements, testing, incidence rate, death rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and test positivity rate for each outbreak from the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 till endemicity of COVID-19 in 2022 in Malaysia.MethodsData was sourced from the GitHub repository and the Ministry of Health’s official COVID-19 website. The study period was from the beginning of the outbreak in Malaysia, which began during Epidemiological Week (Ep Wk) 4 in 2020, to the last Ep Wk 18 in 2022. Data were aggregated by Ep Wk and analyzed in terms of COVID-19 cases, deaths, ICU admissions, ventilator requirements, testing, incidence rate, death rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and test positivity rate by years (2020 and 2022) and for each outbreak of COVID-19.ResultsA total of 4,456,736 cases, 35,579 deaths and 58,906,954 COVID-19 tests were reported for the period from 2020 to 2022. The COVID-19 incidence rate, death rate, CFR and test positivity rate were reported at 1.085 and 0.009 per 1,000 populations, 0.80 and 7.57%, respectively, for the period from 2020 to 2022. Higher cases, deaths, testing, incidence/death rate, CFR and test positivity rates were reported in 2021 and during the Delta outbreak. This is evident by the highest number of COVID-19 cases, ICU admissions, ventilatory requirements and deaths observed during the Delta outbreak.ConclusionThe Delta outbreak was the most severe compared to other outbreaks in Malaysia’s study period. In addition, this study provides evidence that outbreaks of COVID-19, which are caused by highly virulent and transmissible variants, tend to be more severe and devastating if these outbreaks are not controlled early on. Therefore, close monitoring of key epidemiological indicators, as reported in this study, is essential in the control and management of future COVID-19 outbreaks in Malaysia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:09:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f50b79a3d99402cb4a4d24584b1c8b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:09:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f50b79a3d99402cb4a4d24584b1c8b22024-03-13T14:58:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-03-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.12896221289622Description of the COVID-19 epidemiology in MalaysiaMohamad Nadzmi Md Nadzri0Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Md Zamri1Sarbhan Singh2Mohd Ghazali Sumarni3Chee Herng Lai4Cia Vei Tan5Tahir Aris6Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim7Balvinder Singh Gill8Nur’Ain Mohd Ghazali9Nuur Hafizah Md Iderus10Mei Cheng Lim11Lonny Chen Rong Qi Ahmad12Mohd Kamarulariffin Kamarudin13Nur Ar Rabiah Ahmad14Kok Keng Tee15Asrul Anuar Zulkifli16Asrul Anuar Zulkifli17Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaMinistry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, MalaysiaInternational Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaIntroductionSince the COVID-19 pandemic began, it has spread rapidly across the world and has resulted in recurrent outbreaks. This study aims to describe the COVID-19 epidemiology in terms of COVID-19 cases, deaths, ICU admissions, ventilator requirements, testing, incidence rate, death rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and test positivity rate for each outbreak from the beginning of the pandemic in 2020 till endemicity of COVID-19 in 2022 in Malaysia.MethodsData was sourced from the GitHub repository and the Ministry of Health’s official COVID-19 website. The study period was from the beginning of the outbreak in Malaysia, which began during Epidemiological Week (Ep Wk) 4 in 2020, to the last Ep Wk 18 in 2022. Data were aggregated by Ep Wk and analyzed in terms of COVID-19 cases, deaths, ICU admissions, ventilator requirements, testing, incidence rate, death rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and test positivity rate by years (2020 and 2022) and for each outbreak of COVID-19.ResultsA total of 4,456,736 cases, 35,579 deaths and 58,906,954 COVID-19 tests were reported for the period from 2020 to 2022. The COVID-19 incidence rate, death rate, CFR and test positivity rate were reported at 1.085 and 0.009 per 1,000 populations, 0.80 and 7.57%, respectively, for the period from 2020 to 2022. Higher cases, deaths, testing, incidence/death rate, CFR and test positivity rates were reported in 2021 and during the Delta outbreak. This is evident by the highest number of COVID-19 cases, ICU admissions, ventilatory requirements and deaths observed during the Delta outbreak.ConclusionThe Delta outbreak was the most severe compared to other outbreaks in Malaysia’s study period. In addition, this study provides evidence that outbreaks of COVID-19, which are caused by highly virulent and transmissible variants, tend to be more severe and devastating if these outbreaks are not controlled early on. Therefore, close monitoring of key epidemiological indicators, as reported in this study, is essential in the control and management of future COVID-19 outbreaks in Malaysia.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1289622/fullCOVID-19epidemiologyoutbreakvariantCases |
| spellingShingle | Mohamad Nadzmi Md Nadzri Ahmed Syahmi Syafiq Md Zamri Sarbhan Singh Mohd Ghazali Sumarni Chee Herng Lai Cia Vei Tan Tahir Aris Hishamshah Mohd Ibrahim Balvinder Singh Gill Nur’Ain Mohd Ghazali Nuur Hafizah Md Iderus Mei Cheng Lim Lonny Chen Rong Qi Ahmad Mohd Kamarulariffin Kamarudin Nur Ar Rabiah Ahmad Kok Keng Tee Asrul Anuar Zulkifli Asrul Anuar Zulkifli Description of the COVID-19 epidemiology in Malaysia Frontiers in Public Health COVID-19 epidemiology outbreak variant Cases |
| title | Description of the COVID-19 epidemiology in Malaysia |
| title_full | Description of the COVID-19 epidemiology in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Description of the COVID-19 epidemiology in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Description of the COVID-19 epidemiology in Malaysia |
| title_short | Description of the COVID-19 epidemiology in Malaysia |
| title_sort | description of the covid 19 epidemiology in malaysia |
| topic | COVID-19 epidemiology outbreak variant Cases |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1289622/full |
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