Deletion of <i>pbpC</i> Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i>
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are considered essential for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis and cell wall assembly. <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> is a representative Gram-positive bacterial species that causes bacterial canker in tomato. <i>pbpC</i> plays a signif...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5324 |
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| author | Yao Li Xing Chen Xiaoli Xu Chengxuan Yu Yan Liu Na Jiang Jianqiang Li Laixin Luo |
| author_facet | Yao Li Xing Chen Xiaoli Xu Chengxuan Yu Yan Liu Na Jiang Jianqiang Li Laixin Luo |
| author_sort | Yao Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are considered essential for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis and cell wall assembly. <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> is a representative Gram-positive bacterial species that causes bacterial canker in tomato. <i>pbpC</i> plays a significant role in maintaining cell morphological characteristics and stress responses in <i>C. michiganensis</i>. The current study demonstrated that the deletion of <i>pbpC</i> commonly enhances bacterial pathogenicity in <i>C. michiganensis</i> and revealed the mechanisms through which this occurs. The expression of interrelated virulence genes, including <i>celA, xysA, xysB</i>, and <i>pelA</i>, were significantly upregulated in △<i>pbpC</i> mutants. Compared with those in wild-type strains, exoenzyme activities, the formation of biofilm, and the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) were significantly increased in △<i>pbpC</i> mutants. It is noteworthy that EPS were responsible for the enhancement in bacterial pathogenicity, with the degree of necrotic tomato stem cankers intensifying with the injection of a gradient of EPS from <i>C. michiganensis</i>. These findings highlight new insights into the role of <i>pbpC</i> affecting bacterial pathogenicity, with an emphasis on EPS, advancing the current understanding of phytopathogenic infection strategies for Gram-positive bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:26:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f558e96509d4e708723c8ef49c40f8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:26:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f558e96509d4e708723c8ef49c40f8b2023-11-17T11:32:18ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01246532410.3390/ijms24065324Deletion of <i>pbpC</i> Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i>Yao Li0Xing Chen1Xiaoli Xu2Chengxuan Yu3Yan Liu4Na Jiang5Jianqiang Li6Laixin Luo7Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaPenicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are considered essential for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis and cell wall assembly. <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> is a representative Gram-positive bacterial species that causes bacterial canker in tomato. <i>pbpC</i> plays a significant role in maintaining cell morphological characteristics and stress responses in <i>C. michiganensis</i>. The current study demonstrated that the deletion of <i>pbpC</i> commonly enhances bacterial pathogenicity in <i>C. michiganensis</i> and revealed the mechanisms through which this occurs. The expression of interrelated virulence genes, including <i>celA, xysA, xysB</i>, and <i>pelA</i>, were significantly upregulated in △<i>pbpC</i> mutants. Compared with those in wild-type strains, exoenzyme activities, the formation of biofilm, and the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) were significantly increased in △<i>pbpC</i> mutants. It is noteworthy that EPS were responsible for the enhancement in bacterial pathogenicity, with the degree of necrotic tomato stem cankers intensifying with the injection of a gradient of EPS from <i>C. michiganensis</i>. These findings highlight new insights into the role of <i>pbpC</i> affecting bacterial pathogenicity, with an emphasis on EPS, advancing the current understanding of phytopathogenic infection strategies for Gram-positive bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5324<i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i>penicillin-binding proteinspathogenicityexoenzymesexopolysaccharides |
| spellingShingle | Yao Li Xing Chen Xiaoli Xu Chengxuan Yu Yan Liu Na Jiang Jianqiang Li Laixin Luo Deletion of <i>pbpC</i> Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> penicillin-binding proteins pathogenicity exoenzymes exopolysaccharides |
| title | Deletion of <i>pbpC</i> Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> |
| title_full | Deletion of <i>pbpC</i> Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Deletion of <i>pbpC</i> Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deletion of <i>pbpC</i> Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> |
| title_short | Deletion of <i>pbpC</i> Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> |
| title_sort | deletion of i pbpc i enhances bacterial pathogenicity on tomato by affecting biofilm formation exopolysaccharides production and exoenzyme activities in i clavibacter michiganensis i |
| topic | <i>Clavibacter michiganensis</i> penicillin-binding proteins pathogenicity exoenzymes exopolysaccharides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5324 |
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