Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against <i>A. salmonicida</i>: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>
In poikilothermic vertebrates, seasonality influences different immunological parameters such as leukocyte numbers, phagocytic activity, and antibody titers. This phenomenon has been described in different teleost species, with immunological parameters peaking during warmer months and decreased leve...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/174 |
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| author | Ruth Montero Justin Tze Ho Chan Claudia Müller Philip Niclas Just Sven Ostermann Margareth Øverland Kevin Maisey Tomáš Korytář Bernd Köllner |
| author_facet | Ruth Montero Justin Tze Ho Chan Claudia Müller Philip Niclas Just Sven Ostermann Margareth Øverland Kevin Maisey Tomáš Korytář Bernd Köllner |
| author_sort | Ruth Montero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In poikilothermic vertebrates, seasonality influences different immunological parameters such as leukocyte numbers, phagocytic activity, and antibody titers. This phenomenon has been described in different teleost species, with immunological parameters peaking during warmer months and decreased levels during winter. In this study, the cellular immune responses of rainbow trout <i>(Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> kept under constant photoperiod and water temperature against intraperitoneally injected <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> during the summer and winter were investigated. The kinetics of different leukocyte subpopulations from peritoneal cavity, spleen, and head kidney in response to the bacteria was measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the kinetics of induced <i>A. salmonicida</i>-specific antibodies was evaluated by ELISA. Despite maintaining the photoperiod and water temperature as constant, different cell baselines were detected in all organs analyzed. During the winter months, B- and T-cell responses were decreased, contrary to what was observed during summer months. However, the specific antibody titers were similar between the two seasons. Natural antibodies, however, were greatly increased 12 h post-injection only during the wintertime. Altogether, our results suggest a bias toward innate immune responses and potential lymphoid immunosuppression in the wintertime in trout. These seasonal differences, despite photoperiod and water temperature being kept constant, suggest an internal inter-seasonal or circannual clock controlling the immune system and physiology of this teleost fish. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:35:30Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:35:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f5ce78fd516425a98c9782fe9fcd0fb2023-11-23T18:49:12ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-01-0111217410.3390/biology11020174Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against <i>A. salmonicida</i>: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>Ruth Montero0Justin Tze Ho Chan1Claudia Müller2Philip Niclas Just3Sven Ostermann4Margareth Øverland5Kevin Maisey6Tomáš Korytář7Bernd Köllner8Laboratory for Comparative Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Czech Budejovice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyAquaculture Research, Bioeconomy, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, GermanyLaboratory for Comparative Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFaculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1430 Ås, NorwayLaboratorio de Inmunología Comparativa, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, ChileInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Czech Budejovice, Czech RepublicLaboratory for Comparative Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Immunology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyIn poikilothermic vertebrates, seasonality influences different immunological parameters such as leukocyte numbers, phagocytic activity, and antibody titers. This phenomenon has been described in different teleost species, with immunological parameters peaking during warmer months and decreased levels during winter. In this study, the cellular immune responses of rainbow trout <i>(Oncorhynchus mykiss)</i> kept under constant photoperiod and water temperature against intraperitoneally injected <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> during the summer and winter were investigated. The kinetics of different leukocyte subpopulations from peritoneal cavity, spleen, and head kidney in response to the bacteria was measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the kinetics of induced <i>A. salmonicida</i>-specific antibodies was evaluated by ELISA. Despite maintaining the photoperiod and water temperature as constant, different cell baselines were detected in all organs analyzed. During the winter months, B- and T-cell responses were decreased, contrary to what was observed during summer months. However, the specific antibody titers were similar between the two seasons. Natural antibodies, however, were greatly increased 12 h post-injection only during the wintertime. Altogether, our results suggest a bias toward innate immune responses and potential lymphoid immunosuppression in the wintertime in trout. These seasonal differences, despite photoperiod and water temperature being kept constant, suggest an internal inter-seasonal or circannual clock controlling the immune system and physiology of this teleost fish.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/174seasonalityimmune responsestroutfish inner rhythms |
| spellingShingle | Ruth Montero Justin Tze Ho Chan Claudia Müller Philip Niclas Just Sven Ostermann Margareth Øverland Kevin Maisey Tomáš Korytář Bernd Köllner Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against <i>A. salmonicida</i>: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> Biology seasonality immune responses trout fish inner rhythms |
| title | Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against <i>A. salmonicida</i>: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_full | Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against <i>A. salmonicida</i>: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_fullStr | Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against <i>A. salmonicida</i>: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against <i>A. salmonicida</i>: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_short | Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against <i>A. salmonicida</i>: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> |
| title_sort | variations in rainbow trout immune responses against i a salmonicida i evidence of an internal seasonal clock in i oncorhynchus mykiss i |
| topic | seasonality immune responses trout fish inner rhythms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/2/174 |
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