<i>Trichoderma</i> versus <i>Fusarium</i>—Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis
This study evaluated the ability of selected strains of <i>Trichoderma viride</i>, <i>T</i>. <i>viridescens</i>, and <i>T</i>. <i>atroviride</i> to inhibit mycelium growth and the biosynthesis of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8146 |
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| author | Marta Modrzewska Lidia Błaszczyk Łukasz Stępień Monika Urbaniak Agnieszka Waśkiewicz Tomoya Yoshinari Marcin Bryła |
| author_facet | Marta Modrzewska Lidia Błaszczyk Łukasz Stępień Monika Urbaniak Agnieszka Waśkiewicz Tomoya Yoshinari Marcin Bryła |
| author_sort | Marta Modrzewska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated the ability of selected strains of <i>Trichoderma viride</i>, <i>T</i>. <i>viridescens</i>, and <i>T</i>. <i>atroviride</i> to inhibit mycelium growth and the biosynthesis of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEN), α-(α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) by selected strains of <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>cerealis</i>. For this purpose, an in vitro experiment was carried out on solid substrates (PDA and rice). After 5 days of co-culture, it was found that all <i>Trichoderma</i> strains used in the experiment significantly inhibited the growth of <i>Fusarium</i> mycelium. Qualitative assessment of pathogen–antagonist interactions showed that <i>Trichoderma</i> colonized 75% to 100% of the medium surface (depending on the species and strain of the antagonist and the pathogen) and was also able to grow over the mycelium of the pathogen and sporulate. The rate of inhibition of <i>Fusarium</i> mycelium growth by <i>Trichoderma</i> ranged from approximately 24% to 66%. When <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> were co-cultured on rice, <i>Trichoderma</i> strains were found to inhibit DON biosynthesis by about 73% to 98%, NIV by about 87% to 100%, and ZEN by about 12% to 100%, depending on the pathogen and antagonist strain. A glycosylated form of DON was detected in the co-culture of <i>F</i>. <i>culmorum</i> and <i>Trichoderma,</i> whereas it was absent in cultures of the pathogen alone, thus suggesting that <i>Trichoderma</i> is able to glycosylate DON. The results also suggest that a strain of <i>T</i>. <i>viride</i> is able to convert ZEN into its hydroxylated derivative, β-ZOL. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:40:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f631679eb4642edb19805991320b18f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:40:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f631679eb4642edb19805991320b18f2023-11-24T11:37:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-11-012723814610.3390/molecules27238146<i>Trichoderma</i> versus <i>Fusarium</i>—Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin BiosynthesisMarta Modrzewska0Lidia Błaszczyk1Łukasz Stępień2Monika Urbaniak3Agnieszka Waśkiewicz4Tomoya Yoshinari5Marcin Bryła6Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, PolandPlant Microbiomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, PolandPlant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, PolandPlant-Pathogen Interaction Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznan, PolandDivision of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi 210-9501, Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, PolandThis study evaluated the ability of selected strains of <i>Trichoderma viride</i>, <i>T</i>. <i>viridescens</i>, and <i>T</i>. <i>atroviride</i> to inhibit mycelium growth and the biosynthesis of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEN), α-(α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) by selected strains of <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> and <i>F</i>. <i>cerealis</i>. For this purpose, an in vitro experiment was carried out on solid substrates (PDA and rice). After 5 days of co-culture, it was found that all <i>Trichoderma</i> strains used in the experiment significantly inhibited the growth of <i>Fusarium</i> mycelium. Qualitative assessment of pathogen–antagonist interactions showed that <i>Trichoderma</i> colonized 75% to 100% of the medium surface (depending on the species and strain of the antagonist and the pathogen) and was also able to grow over the mycelium of the pathogen and sporulate. The rate of inhibition of <i>Fusarium</i> mycelium growth by <i>Trichoderma</i> ranged from approximately 24% to 66%. When <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> were co-cultured on rice, <i>Trichoderma</i> strains were found to inhibit DON biosynthesis by about 73% to 98%, NIV by about 87% to 100%, and ZEN by about 12% to 100%, depending on the pathogen and antagonist strain. A glycosylated form of DON was detected in the co-culture of <i>F</i>. <i>culmorum</i> and <i>Trichoderma,</i> whereas it was absent in cultures of the pathogen alone, thus suggesting that <i>Trichoderma</i> is able to glycosylate DON. The results also suggest that a strain of <i>T</i>. <i>viride</i> is able to convert ZEN into its hydroxylated derivative, β-ZOL.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8146<i>Trichoderma</i> spp.<i>Fusarium</i> spp.mycotoxinsplant biocontrol |
| spellingShingle | Marta Modrzewska Lidia Błaszczyk Łukasz Stępień Monika Urbaniak Agnieszka Waśkiewicz Tomoya Yoshinari Marcin Bryła <i>Trichoderma</i> versus <i>Fusarium</i>—Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis Molecules <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. <i>Fusarium</i> spp. mycotoxins plant biocontrol |
| title | <i>Trichoderma</i> versus <i>Fusarium</i>—Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis |
| title_full | <i>Trichoderma</i> versus <i>Fusarium</i>—Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis |
| title_fullStr | <i>Trichoderma</i> versus <i>Fusarium</i>—Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Trichoderma</i> versus <i>Fusarium</i>—Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis |
| title_short | <i>Trichoderma</i> versus <i>Fusarium</i>—Inhibition of Pathogen Growth and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis |
| title_sort | i trichoderma i versus i fusarium i inhibition of pathogen growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis |
| topic | <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. <i>Fusarium</i> spp. mycotoxins plant biocontrol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8146 |
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