The impact of recent changes in Asian anthropogenic emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changes
<p>Convective transport plays a key role in aerosol enhancement in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the Asian monsoon region where low-level convective instability persists throughout the year. We use the state-of-the-art ECHAM6–HAMMOZ global chemistry–climate model to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/9989/2019/acp-19-9989-2019.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818336603462959104 |
|---|---|
| author | S. Fadnavis R. Müller G. Kalita M. Rowlinson A. Rap J.-L. F. Li B. Gasparini A. Laakso |
| author_facet | S. Fadnavis R. Müller G. Kalita M. Rowlinson A. Rap J.-L. F. Li B. Gasparini A. Laakso |
| author_sort | S. Fadnavis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Convective transport plays a key role in aerosol enhancement in the upper
troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the Asian monsoon region
where low-level convective instability persists throughout the year. We use
the state-of-the-art ECHAM6–HAMMOZ global chemistry–climate model to
investigate the seasonal transport of anthropogenic Asian sulfate aerosols
and their impact on the UTLS. Sensitivity simulations for <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emission
perturbation over India (48 % increase) and China (70 % decrease) are
performed based on the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite-observed
trend, rising over India by <span class="inline-formula">∼4.8</span> % per year and decreasing
over China by <span class="inline-formula">∼7.0</span> % per year during 2006–2017. The
enhanced Indian emissions result in an increase in aerosol optical depth
(AOD) loading in the UTLS by 0.61 to 4.17 % over India. These aerosols
are transported to the Arctic during all seasons by the lower branch of the
Brewer–Dobson circulation enhancing AOD by 0.017 % to 4.8 %.
Interestingly, a reduction in <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emission over China inhibits the
transport of Indian sulfate aerosols to the Arctic in summer-monsoon and
post-monsoon seasons due to subsidence over northern India. The region of
sulfate aerosol enhancement shows significant warming in the UTLS over northern India, south China (<span class="inline-formula">0.2±0.15</span> to <span class="inline-formula">0.8±0.72</span> K) and the Arctic
(<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.62</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="51pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="6b8d82df5c23f66fffe20f5420b1c3f8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-19-9989-2019-ie00001.svg" width="51pt" height="10pt" src="acp-19-9989-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> to <span class="inline-formula">1.6±1.07</span> K). The estimated seasonal
mean direct radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) induced by
the increase in Indian <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emission is <span class="inline-formula">−</span>0.2 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1.5 W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> over northern India. The Chinese <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emission reduction
leads to a positive radiative forcing of <span class="inline-formula">∼0.6</span> to 6 W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> over China. The decrease in vertical velocity and
the associated enhanced stability of the upper troposphere in response to
increased Indian <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emissions will likely decrease rainfall over
India.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:41:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f67f21e523f4979a66e6879e083bae9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:41:57Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f67f21e523f4979a66e6879e083bae92022-12-21T23:41:35ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242019-08-011999891000810.5194/acp-19-9989-2019The impact of recent changes in Asian anthropogenic emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changesS. Fadnavis0R. Müller1G. Kalita2M. Rowlinson3A. Rap4J.-L. F. Li5B. Gasparini6A. Laakso7Centre for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, IndiaForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IEK7, Jülich, GermanyCentre for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, IndiaSchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKSchool of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UKJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USADepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USAFinnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland<p>Convective transport plays a key role in aerosol enhancement in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the Asian monsoon region where low-level convective instability persists throughout the year. We use the state-of-the-art ECHAM6–HAMMOZ global chemistry–climate model to investigate the seasonal transport of anthropogenic Asian sulfate aerosols and their impact on the UTLS. Sensitivity simulations for <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emission perturbation over India (48 % increase) and China (70 % decrease) are performed based on the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite-observed trend, rising over India by <span class="inline-formula">∼4.8</span> % per year and decreasing over China by <span class="inline-formula">∼7.0</span> % per year during 2006–2017. The enhanced Indian emissions result in an increase in aerosol optical depth (AOD) loading in the UTLS by 0.61 to 4.17 % over India. These aerosols are transported to the Arctic during all seasons by the lower branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation enhancing AOD by 0.017 % to 4.8 %. Interestingly, a reduction in <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emission over China inhibits the transport of Indian sulfate aerosols to the Arctic in summer-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons due to subsidence over northern India. The region of sulfate aerosol enhancement shows significant warming in the UTLS over northern India, south China (<span class="inline-formula">0.2±0.15</span> to <span class="inline-formula">0.8±0.72</span> K) and the Arctic (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.62</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="51pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="6b8d82df5c23f66fffe20f5420b1c3f8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-19-9989-2019-ie00001.svg" width="51pt" height="10pt" src="acp-19-9989-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> to <span class="inline-formula">1.6±1.07</span> K). The estimated seasonal mean direct radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) induced by the increase in Indian <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emission is <span class="inline-formula">−</span>0.2 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1.5 W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> over northern India. The Chinese <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emission reduction leads to a positive radiative forcing of <span class="inline-formula">∼0.6</span> to 6 W m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> over China. The decrease in vertical velocity and the associated enhanced stability of the upper troposphere in response to increased Indian <span class="inline-formula">SO<sub>2</sub></span> emissions will likely decrease rainfall over India.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/9989/2019/acp-19-9989-2019.pdf |
| spellingShingle | S. Fadnavis R. Müller G. Kalita M. Rowlinson A. Rap J.-L. F. Li B. Gasparini A. Laakso The impact of recent changes in Asian anthropogenic emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changes Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | The impact of recent changes in Asian anthropogenic emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changes |
| title_full | The impact of recent changes in Asian anthropogenic emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changes |
| title_fullStr | The impact of recent changes in Asian anthropogenic emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of recent changes in Asian anthropogenic emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changes |
| title_short | The impact of recent changes in Asian anthropogenic emissions of SO<sub>2</sub> on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changes |
| title_sort | impact of recent changes in asian anthropogenic emissions of so sub 2 sub on sulfate loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the associated radiative changes |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/9989/2019/acp-19-9989-2019.pdf |
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