From permafrost soil to thermokarst lake sediment: A view from C:N:P stoichiometry
Thermokarst lakes are formed as a result of thawing ice-rich permafrost, transforming vast permafrost soil into lake sediment and changing the biogeochemistry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Degraded permafrost soil and thermokarst lake sediment are two distinct fates of pristine pe...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.986879/full |
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| author | Ze Ren Ze Ren Xia Li Xia Li Cheng Zhang Cheng Zhang Qing Wang Qing Wang Le Fang Le Fang Shengkui Cao Jinlei Yu |
| author_facet | Ze Ren Ze Ren Xia Li Xia Li Cheng Zhang Cheng Zhang Qing Wang Qing Wang Le Fang Le Fang Shengkui Cao Jinlei Yu |
| author_sort | Ze Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thermokarst lakes are formed as a result of thawing ice-rich permafrost, transforming vast permafrost soil into lake sediment and changing the biogeochemistry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Degraded permafrost soil and thermokarst lake sediment are two distinct fates of pristine permafrost in the thermokarst processes. However, we do not clearly understand the differences and relationships between degraded permafrost soil and thermokarst lake sediment from a stoichiometric perspective. In this study, 44 thermokarst lakes across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were investigated to collect lake sediment and surrounding degraded permafrost soil. In general, C, N, and P concentrations as well as C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios in soil and sediment decreased with increasing latitude, while increased with increasing mean annual precipitation. The degraded permafrost soil had much higher C, N, and P concentrations and C:N:P stoichiometric ratios than the lake sediment, particularly for C. Moreover, the concentrations of C, N, and P, as well as the ratios of C:P and N:P in sediment showed significant positive relationships with their corresponding components in soil but with different slopes. Standard major axis regression showed allometric scaling relationships between C, N, and P. The C:N:P ratio was 269:18:1 in degraded permafrost soil and 178:15:1 in lake sediment. The results suggest that the process from pristine permafrost to lake sediment releases more C, N, and P than the process from pristine permafrost to degraded permafrost soil, and that C changes more profoundly than N and P. Moreover, thermokarst processes substantially change the elemental balance and decouple the C:N:P relationship between degraded permafrost soil and lake sediment, suggesting that the further transformation from degraded permafrost soil to lake sediment will lose more C, which can be intensified by increasing precipitation. The results enriched our understanding of the variations in C, N, and P biogeochemistry during thermokarst processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:35:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f700ee7743749b080c6321d7cf1c78f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:35:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f700ee7743749b080c6321d7cf1c78f2022-12-22T03:38:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-10-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.986879986879From permafrost soil to thermokarst lake sediment: A view from C:N:P stoichiometryZe Ren0Ze Ren1Xia Li2Xia Li3Cheng Zhang4Cheng Zhang5Qing Wang6Qing Wang7Le Fang8Le Fang9Shengkui Cao10Jinlei Yu11Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaResearch and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaResearch and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Engineering Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, ChinaResearch and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaResearch and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, ChinaThermokarst lakes are formed as a result of thawing ice-rich permafrost, transforming vast permafrost soil into lake sediment and changing the biogeochemistry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Degraded permafrost soil and thermokarst lake sediment are two distinct fates of pristine permafrost in the thermokarst processes. However, we do not clearly understand the differences and relationships between degraded permafrost soil and thermokarst lake sediment from a stoichiometric perspective. In this study, 44 thermokarst lakes across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were investigated to collect lake sediment and surrounding degraded permafrost soil. In general, C, N, and P concentrations as well as C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios in soil and sediment decreased with increasing latitude, while increased with increasing mean annual precipitation. The degraded permafrost soil had much higher C, N, and P concentrations and C:N:P stoichiometric ratios than the lake sediment, particularly for C. Moreover, the concentrations of C, N, and P, as well as the ratios of C:P and N:P in sediment showed significant positive relationships with their corresponding components in soil but with different slopes. Standard major axis regression showed allometric scaling relationships between C, N, and P. The C:N:P ratio was 269:18:1 in degraded permafrost soil and 178:15:1 in lake sediment. The results suggest that the process from pristine permafrost to lake sediment releases more C, N, and P than the process from pristine permafrost to degraded permafrost soil, and that C changes more profoundly than N and P. Moreover, thermokarst processes substantially change the elemental balance and decouple the C:N:P relationship between degraded permafrost soil and lake sediment, suggesting that the further transformation from degraded permafrost soil to lake sediment will lose more C, which can be intensified by increasing precipitation. The results enriched our understanding of the variations in C, N, and P biogeochemistry during thermokarst processes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.986879/fullthermokarstpermafroststoichiometryclimate changesediment |
| spellingShingle | Ze Ren Ze Ren Xia Li Xia Li Cheng Zhang Cheng Zhang Qing Wang Qing Wang Le Fang Le Fang Shengkui Cao Jinlei Yu From permafrost soil to thermokarst lake sediment: A view from C:N:P stoichiometry Frontiers in Environmental Science thermokarst permafrost stoichiometry climate change sediment |
| title | From permafrost soil to thermokarst lake sediment: A view from C:N:P stoichiometry |
| title_full | From permafrost soil to thermokarst lake sediment: A view from C:N:P stoichiometry |
| title_fullStr | From permafrost soil to thermokarst lake sediment: A view from C:N:P stoichiometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | From permafrost soil to thermokarst lake sediment: A view from C:N:P stoichiometry |
| title_short | From permafrost soil to thermokarst lake sediment: A view from C:N:P stoichiometry |
| title_sort | from permafrost soil to thermokarst lake sediment a view from c n p stoichiometry |
| topic | thermokarst permafrost stoichiometry climate change sediment |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.986879/full |
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