Development and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors of Substance Use Scale in Iran: An Application of Social Development Model
Background: Substance use is a growing public health problem among adolescents. In the lack of a valid and reliable instrument based on social development model (SDM), this study aimed to develop risk and protective factors of substance use scale based on SDM to determine risk and protective factors...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Kerman University of Medical Sciences
2015-11-01
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| Series: | Addiction and Health |
| Online Access: | https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84651_7205a0a06b973ff2f57fa5803243f4b0.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797681842743148544 |
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| author | Abedin Iranpour Ensiyeh Jamshidi Nouzar Nakhaee Ali Akbar Haghdoost Davoud Shojaeizadeh Mehrdad Eftekhar-Ardabili Hassan Eftekhar-Ardabili |
| author_facet | Abedin Iranpour Ensiyeh Jamshidi Nouzar Nakhaee Ali Akbar Haghdoost Davoud Shojaeizadeh Mehrdad Eftekhar-Ardabili Hassan Eftekhar-Ardabili |
| author_sort | Abedin Iranpour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Substance use is a growing public health problem among adolescents. In the lack of a valid and reliable instrument based on social development model (SDM), this study aimed to develop risk and protective factors of substance use scale based on SDM to determine risk and protective factors influencing substance use among adolescents. Methods: A total of 235 male students from 9th and 10th grade (14-18 years old) of public high schools in Kerman, Iran, selected through multistage cluster sampling. Items pool extracted from the literature and focus groups with male adolescents. Face validity of the questionnaire assessed for readability and clarity of items. Then, an expert panel evaluated the items for content validity. Consequently, construct validity of questionnaire confirmed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Known group validity is determined by the degree to which the instrument shows different scores between two groups of those who had an experience in drug use and those who did not have such an experience. In addition, reliability assessed via internal consistency and test-retest. Results: About 10 factor solution (containing 38 items) emerged as a result of EFA entitled adolescent’s “beliefs on hookah and alcohol,” “bonding to parents,” “family rules on substance use,” “drug resistance skills,” “adolescent’s beliefs on hard drugs,” “situational perception on hookah and alcohol,” “rules of school,” “situational perception on hard drugs,” “attachment to school,” and “perceived opportunity at school.” The first four emerged factors explained 46% of the total variance observed. Among these factors, adolescent’s beliefs on hookah and alcohol explained a more than 25.3% of the total variance. Results indicated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach¢s alpha ranging from 0.71 to 0.85) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) (ranging from 0.48 to 0.81). Conclusion: The risk and protective factors of substance use questionnaire are the first instrument based on the SDM. The findings showed that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing determinants of substance use which can be used by researchers and policymakers in preventive initiatives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:50:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f709b5fed0149df8d9fc1410fdcfeaf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-4633 2008-8469 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:50:53Z |
| publishDate | 2015-11-01 |
| publisher | Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Addiction and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f709b5fed0149df8d9fc1410fdcfeaf2023-09-19T06:50:59ZengKerman University of Medical SciencesAddiction and Health2008-46332008-84692015-11-0173-411712984651Development and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors of Substance Use Scale in Iran: An Application of Social Development ModelAbedin Iranpour0Ensiyeh Jamshidi1Nouzar Nakhaee2Ali Akbar Haghdoost3Davoud Shojaeizadeh4Mehrdad Eftekhar-Ardabili5Hassan Eftekhar-Ardabili6Assistant Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPhD Candidate, Community Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranProfessor, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranProfessor, Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Future Studies, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranProfessor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAssociate Professor, Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranProfessor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranBackground: Substance use is a growing public health problem among adolescents. In the lack of a valid and reliable instrument based on social development model (SDM), this study aimed to develop risk and protective factors of substance use scale based on SDM to determine risk and protective factors influencing substance use among adolescents. Methods: A total of 235 male students from 9th and 10th grade (14-18 years old) of public high schools in Kerman, Iran, selected through multistage cluster sampling. Items pool extracted from the literature and focus groups with male adolescents. Face validity of the questionnaire assessed for readability and clarity of items. Then, an expert panel evaluated the items for content validity. Consequently, construct validity of questionnaire confirmed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Known group validity is determined by the degree to which the instrument shows different scores between two groups of those who had an experience in drug use and those who did not have such an experience. In addition, reliability assessed via internal consistency and test-retest. Results: About 10 factor solution (containing 38 items) emerged as a result of EFA entitled adolescent’s “beliefs on hookah and alcohol,” “bonding to parents,” “family rules on substance use,” “drug resistance skills,” “adolescent’s beliefs on hard drugs,” “situational perception on hookah and alcohol,” “rules of school,” “situational perception on hard drugs,” “attachment to school,” and “perceived opportunity at school.” The first four emerged factors explained 46% of the total variance observed. Among these factors, adolescent’s beliefs on hookah and alcohol explained a more than 25.3% of the total variance. Results indicated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach¢s alpha ranging from 0.71 to 0.85) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) (ranging from 0.48 to 0.81). Conclusion: The risk and protective factors of substance use questionnaire are the first instrument based on the SDM. The findings showed that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing determinants of substance use which can be used by researchers and policymakers in preventive initiatives.https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84651_7205a0a06b973ff2f57fa5803243f4b0.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Abedin Iranpour Ensiyeh Jamshidi Nouzar Nakhaee Ali Akbar Haghdoost Davoud Shojaeizadeh Mehrdad Eftekhar-Ardabili Hassan Eftekhar-Ardabili Development and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors of Substance Use Scale in Iran: An Application of Social Development Model Addiction and Health |
| title | Development and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors of Substance Use Scale in Iran: An Application of Social Development Model |
| title_full | Development and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors of Substance Use Scale in Iran: An Application of Social Development Model |
| title_fullStr | Development and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors of Substance Use Scale in Iran: An Application of Social Development Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors of Substance Use Scale in Iran: An Application of Social Development Model |
| title_short | Development and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors of Substance Use Scale in Iran: An Application of Social Development Model |
| title_sort | development and psychometric properties of risk and protective factors of substance use scale in iran an application of social development model |
| url | https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84651_7205a0a06b973ff2f57fa5803243f4b0.pdf |
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