Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)
The sea louse <i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i> genome has opened the opportunity to apply the reverse vaccinology strategy for identifying antigens with potential effects on lice development and its application in sea lice control. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of three sea lice v...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1063 |
| _version_ | 1797415159856103424 |
|---|---|
| author | Antonio Casuso Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz Bárbara P. Benavente Diego Valenzuela-Miranda Cristian Gallardo-Escárate |
| author_facet | Antonio Casuso Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz Bárbara P. Benavente Diego Valenzuela-Miranda Cristian Gallardo-Escárate |
| author_sort | Antonio Casuso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sea louse <i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i> genome has opened the opportunity to apply the reverse vaccinology strategy for identifying antigens with potential effects on lice development and its application in sea lice control. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of three sea lice vaccines against the early stage of infestation, assessing the transcriptome modulation of immunized Atlantic salmon. Therein, three experimental groups of <i>Salmo salar</i> (Atlantic salmon) were vaccinated with the recombinant proteins: Peritrophin (prototype A), Cathepsin (prototype B), and the mix of them (prototype C), respectively. Sea lice infestation was evaluated during chalimus I-II, the early-infective stages attached at 7-days post infestation. In parallel, head kidney and skin tissue samples were taken for mRNA Illumina sequencing. Relative expression analyses of genes were conducted to identify immune responses, iron transport, and stress responses associated with the tested vaccines during the early stages of sea lice infection. The vaccine prototypes A, B, and C reduced the parasite burden by 24, 44, and 52% compared with the control group. In addition, the RNA-Seq analysis exhibited a prototype-dependent transcriptome modulation. The high expression differences were observed in genes associated with metal ion binding, molecular processes, and energy production. The findings suggest a balance between the host’s inflammatory response and metabolic process in vaccinated fish, increasing their transcriptional activity, which can alter the early host–parasite interactions. This study uncovers molecular responses produced by three vaccine prototypes at the early stages of infestation, providing new knowledge for sea lice control in the salmon aquaculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:43:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f7efa63104a459abce427aa5122ff4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:43:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f7efa63104a459abce427aa5122ff4a2023-12-03T12:22:23ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-07-01107106310.3390/vaccines10071063Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)Antonio Casuso0Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz1Bárbara P. Benavente2Diego Valenzuela-Miranda3Cristian Gallardo-Escárate4Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, ChileInterdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, ChileInterdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, ChileInterdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, ChileInterdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, ChileThe sea louse <i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i> genome has opened the opportunity to apply the reverse vaccinology strategy for identifying antigens with potential effects on lice development and its application in sea lice control. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of three sea lice vaccines against the early stage of infestation, assessing the transcriptome modulation of immunized Atlantic salmon. Therein, three experimental groups of <i>Salmo salar</i> (Atlantic salmon) were vaccinated with the recombinant proteins: Peritrophin (prototype A), Cathepsin (prototype B), and the mix of them (prototype C), respectively. Sea lice infestation was evaluated during chalimus I-II, the early-infective stages attached at 7-days post infestation. In parallel, head kidney and skin tissue samples were taken for mRNA Illumina sequencing. Relative expression analyses of genes were conducted to identify immune responses, iron transport, and stress responses associated with the tested vaccines during the early stages of sea lice infection. The vaccine prototypes A, B, and C reduced the parasite burden by 24, 44, and 52% compared with the control group. In addition, the RNA-Seq analysis exhibited a prototype-dependent transcriptome modulation. The high expression differences were observed in genes associated with metal ion binding, molecular processes, and energy production. The findings suggest a balance between the host’s inflammatory response and metabolic process in vaccinated fish, increasing their transcriptional activity, which can alter the early host–parasite interactions. This study uncovers molecular responses produced by three vaccine prototypes at the early stages of infestation, providing new knowledge for sea lice control in the salmon aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1063<i>Salmo salar</i><i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i>transcriptomeectoparasitevaccine |
| spellingShingle | Antonio Casuso Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz Bárbara P. Benavente Diego Valenzuela-Miranda Cristian Gallardo-Escárate Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Vaccines <i>Salmo salar</i> <i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i> transcriptome ectoparasite vaccine |
| title | Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_full | Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_short | Exploring Sea Lice Vaccines against Early Stages of Infestation in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) |
| title_sort | exploring sea lice vaccines against early stages of infestation in atlantic salmon i salmo salar i |
| topic | <i>Salmo salar</i> <i>Caligus rogercresseyi</i> transcriptome ectoparasite vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1063 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT antoniocasuso exploringsealicevaccinesagainstearlystagesofinfestationinatlanticsalmonisalmosalari AT valentinavalenzuelamunoz exploringsealicevaccinesagainstearlystagesofinfestationinatlanticsalmonisalmosalari AT barbarapbenavente exploringsealicevaccinesagainstearlystagesofinfestationinatlanticsalmonisalmosalari AT diegovalenzuelamiranda exploringsealicevaccinesagainstearlystagesofinfestationinatlanticsalmonisalmosalari AT cristiangallardoescarate exploringsealicevaccinesagainstearlystagesofinfestationinatlanticsalmonisalmosalari |