Quantitative Digitography Measures Fine Motor Disturbances in Chronically Treated HIV Similar to Parkinson’s Disease
Introduction: Motor and cognitive deficits were compared in aging, chronically treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) people, people with mild-to-moderate stage Parkinson’s disease (PD), and healthy controls.Methods: Groups consisted of 36 people with PD, 28 with HIV infection, and 28 healthy co...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2020.539598/full |
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| author | Varsha Prabhakar Varsha Prabhakar Talora Martin Talora Martin Eva M. Müller-Oehring Eva M. Müller-Oehring Ryan Goodcase Tilman Schulte Tilman Schulte Kathleen L. Poston Helen M. Brontë-Stewart Helen M. Brontë-Stewart |
| author_facet | Varsha Prabhakar Varsha Prabhakar Talora Martin Talora Martin Eva M. Müller-Oehring Eva M. Müller-Oehring Ryan Goodcase Tilman Schulte Tilman Schulte Kathleen L. Poston Helen M. Brontë-Stewart Helen M. Brontë-Stewart |
| author_sort | Varsha Prabhakar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Motor and cognitive deficits were compared in aging, chronically treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) people, people with mild-to-moderate stage Parkinson’s disease (PD), and healthy controls.Methods: Groups consisted of 36 people with PD, 28 with HIV infection, and 28 healthy controls. Motor function was assessed with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS-III) and a rapid alternating finger tapping (RAFT) task on an engineered keyboard known as Quantitative Digitography (QDG). Executive function, verbal memory, and visuospatial processing were assessed using standard neuropsychological tests.Results: HIV demonstrated RAFT deficits similar to PD such as reduced amplitude (P = 0.023) and greater amplitude variability (P = 0.019) in the index finger when compared to controls. This fine motor disturbance correlated with HIV’s immune health, measured by their CD4+ T cell count (P < 0.01). The UPDRS did not yield motor differences between HIV and controls. Executive function and verbal memory were impaired in HIV (P = 0.006, P = 0.016, respectively), but not in PD; visuospatial processing was similarly impaired in HIV and PD (P < 0.05) although motor deficits predominated in PD.Conclusions: Fine motor bradykinesia measured quantitatively by QDG RAFT holds promise as a marker of motor decline related to current immune health in aging HIV patients and may be useful in longitudinal studies regarding mechanisms of immunosenescence vs. potential toxicity of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in this population. Additionally, motor and cognitive networks in HIV may be affected differently as the disease progresses as observed in the differential patterns of impairment between HIV and PD, providing insight into the mechanisms of brain deterioration in HIV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T13:32:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f8780eb4ab04d0e96edb9c59f51fa27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T13:32:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f8780eb4ab04d0e96edb9c59f51fa272022-12-21T19:39:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652020-10-011210.3389/fnagi.2020.539598539598Quantitative Digitography Measures Fine Motor Disturbances in Chronically Treated HIV Similar to Parkinson’s DiseaseVarsha Prabhakar0Varsha Prabhakar1Talora Martin2Talora Martin3Eva M. Müller-Oehring4Eva M. Müller-Oehring5Ryan Goodcase6Tilman Schulte7Tilman Schulte8Kathleen L. Poston9Helen M. Brontë-Stewart10Helen M. Brontë-Stewart11Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesLeonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United StatesCenter for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesCenter for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesCenter for Health Sciences, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United StatesIntroduction: Motor and cognitive deficits were compared in aging, chronically treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) people, people with mild-to-moderate stage Parkinson’s disease (PD), and healthy controls.Methods: Groups consisted of 36 people with PD, 28 with HIV infection, and 28 healthy controls. Motor function was assessed with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS-III) and a rapid alternating finger tapping (RAFT) task on an engineered keyboard known as Quantitative Digitography (QDG). Executive function, verbal memory, and visuospatial processing were assessed using standard neuropsychological tests.Results: HIV demonstrated RAFT deficits similar to PD such as reduced amplitude (P = 0.023) and greater amplitude variability (P = 0.019) in the index finger when compared to controls. This fine motor disturbance correlated with HIV’s immune health, measured by their CD4+ T cell count (P < 0.01). The UPDRS did not yield motor differences between HIV and controls. Executive function and verbal memory were impaired in HIV (P = 0.006, P = 0.016, respectively), but not in PD; visuospatial processing was similarly impaired in HIV and PD (P < 0.05) although motor deficits predominated in PD.Conclusions: Fine motor bradykinesia measured quantitatively by QDG RAFT holds promise as a marker of motor decline related to current immune health in aging HIV patients and may be useful in longitudinal studies regarding mechanisms of immunosenescence vs. potential toxicity of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in this population. Additionally, motor and cognitive networks in HIV may be affected differently as the disease progresses as observed in the differential patterns of impairment between HIV and PD, providing insight into the mechanisms of brain deterioration in HIV.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2020.539598/fullHIV—human immunodeficiency virusParkinson’s diseasemotor controlagingfine motor activities |
| spellingShingle | Varsha Prabhakar Varsha Prabhakar Talora Martin Talora Martin Eva M. Müller-Oehring Eva M. Müller-Oehring Ryan Goodcase Tilman Schulte Tilman Schulte Kathleen L. Poston Helen M. Brontë-Stewart Helen M. Brontë-Stewart Quantitative Digitography Measures Fine Motor Disturbances in Chronically Treated HIV Similar to Parkinson’s Disease Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience HIV—human immunodeficiency virus Parkinson’s disease motor control aging fine motor activities |
| title | Quantitative Digitography Measures Fine Motor Disturbances in Chronically Treated HIV Similar to Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | Quantitative Digitography Measures Fine Motor Disturbances in Chronically Treated HIV Similar to Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Quantitative Digitography Measures Fine Motor Disturbances in Chronically Treated HIV Similar to Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative Digitography Measures Fine Motor Disturbances in Chronically Treated HIV Similar to Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | Quantitative Digitography Measures Fine Motor Disturbances in Chronically Treated HIV Similar to Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | quantitative digitography measures fine motor disturbances in chronically treated hiv similar to parkinson s disease |
| topic | HIV—human immunodeficiency virus Parkinson’s disease motor control aging fine motor activities |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2020.539598/full |
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