Arctic Atmospheric Ducting Characteristics and Their Connections with Arctic Oscillation and Sea Ice
Atmospheric ducting is an anomalous atmospheric structure that affects electromagnetic wave propagation. In the context of global warming, the navigation capacity of the Arctic is increased, and the atmospheric duct can affect communication and navigation in the Arctic. In this study, based on the E...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/12/2119 |
| _version_ | 1827641802335715328 |
|---|---|
| author | Ting Qin Bo Su Li Chen Junfeng Yang Hulin Sun Jing Ma Wenhao Yu |
| author_facet | Ting Qin Bo Su Li Chen Junfeng Yang Hulin Sun Jing Ma Wenhao Yu |
| author_sort | Ting Qin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atmospheric ducting is an anomalous atmospheric structure that affects electromagnetic wave propagation. In the context of global warming, the navigation capacity of the Arctic is increased, and the atmospheric duct can affect communication and navigation in the Arctic. In this study, based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data (ERA-interim), the climate characteristics and their variations of atmospheric ducts over the Arctic polar region (north of 60° N) from 1989 to 2018 were analyzed, including the occurrence frequency, spatial distribution, thickness and intensity of the atmospheric ducts. The results show that the overall frequency of atmospheric ducts in the Arctic is low, with the average frequency of all types of ducts being less than 10% throughout the year. The frequency of surface ducts is 2~3 times that of elevated ducts. More than 90% of the atmospheric ducts in the Arctic have a trapped layer with a thickness of less than 100 m, and the average thickness of surface ducts is higher than that of the elevated ducts. The intensity of the Arctic surface ducts is stronger than that of the elevated ducts, with an average intensity of 2.1 M (±2.3 M) to 4.5 M (±4.5 M) for the surface ducts and 1.7 M (±2 M) to 2.5 M (±2.9 M) for the elevated ducts. There is a positive correlation between the ducts’ trapped layer thickness and duct intensity. The variation in atmospheric ducts is responsive to the changes in atmospheric circulation and the sea ice extent. This anomalous circulation changes surface wind in the Arctic, which affects the formation and maintenance of the ducts. The trends of ducts in the Arctic Ocean are consistent with those of the Arctic Sea ice extent, while the Arctic continental and coastal ducts show the opposite trend. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:19:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f9065fa8b944f06a3e72f48c42a8bdd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:19:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f9065fa8b944f06a3e72f48c42a8bdd2023-11-24T13:13:14ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-12-011312211910.3390/atmos13122119Arctic Atmospheric Ducting Characteristics and Their Connections with Arctic Oscillation and Sea IceTing Qin0Bo Su1Li Chen2Junfeng Yang3Hulin Sun4Jing Ma5Wenhao Yu6State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, ChinaNational Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, ChinaAtmospheric ducting is an anomalous atmospheric structure that affects electromagnetic wave propagation. In the context of global warming, the navigation capacity of the Arctic is increased, and the atmospheric duct can affect communication and navigation in the Arctic. In this study, based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data (ERA-interim), the climate characteristics and their variations of atmospheric ducts over the Arctic polar region (north of 60° N) from 1989 to 2018 were analyzed, including the occurrence frequency, spatial distribution, thickness and intensity of the atmospheric ducts. The results show that the overall frequency of atmospheric ducts in the Arctic is low, with the average frequency of all types of ducts being less than 10% throughout the year. The frequency of surface ducts is 2~3 times that of elevated ducts. More than 90% of the atmospheric ducts in the Arctic have a trapped layer with a thickness of less than 100 m, and the average thickness of surface ducts is higher than that of the elevated ducts. The intensity of the Arctic surface ducts is stronger than that of the elevated ducts, with an average intensity of 2.1 M (±2.3 M) to 4.5 M (±4.5 M) for the surface ducts and 1.7 M (±2 M) to 2.5 M (±2.9 M) for the elevated ducts. There is a positive correlation between the ducts’ trapped layer thickness and duct intensity. The variation in atmospheric ducts is responsive to the changes in atmospheric circulation and the sea ice extent. This anomalous circulation changes surface wind in the Arctic, which affects the formation and maintenance of the ducts. The trends of ducts in the Arctic Ocean are consistent with those of the Arctic Sea ice extent, while the Arctic continental and coastal ducts show the opposite trend.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/12/2119Arctic atmosphere ductsspatial and temporal distributiontrapping layer thicknessintensity of ductsArctic oscillationsea ice extent |
| spellingShingle | Ting Qin Bo Su Li Chen Junfeng Yang Hulin Sun Jing Ma Wenhao Yu Arctic Atmospheric Ducting Characteristics and Their Connections with Arctic Oscillation and Sea Ice Atmosphere Arctic atmosphere ducts spatial and temporal distribution trapping layer thickness intensity of ducts Arctic oscillation sea ice extent |
| title | Arctic Atmospheric Ducting Characteristics and Their Connections with Arctic Oscillation and Sea Ice |
| title_full | Arctic Atmospheric Ducting Characteristics and Their Connections with Arctic Oscillation and Sea Ice |
| title_fullStr | Arctic Atmospheric Ducting Characteristics and Their Connections with Arctic Oscillation and Sea Ice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arctic Atmospheric Ducting Characteristics and Their Connections with Arctic Oscillation and Sea Ice |
| title_short | Arctic Atmospheric Ducting Characteristics and Their Connections with Arctic Oscillation and Sea Ice |
| title_sort | arctic atmospheric ducting characteristics and their connections with arctic oscillation and sea ice |
| topic | Arctic atmosphere ducts spatial and temporal distribution trapping layer thickness intensity of ducts Arctic oscillation sea ice extent |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/12/2119 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tingqin arcticatmosphericductingcharacteristicsandtheirconnectionswitharcticoscillationandseaice AT bosu arcticatmosphericductingcharacteristicsandtheirconnectionswitharcticoscillationandseaice AT lichen arcticatmosphericductingcharacteristicsandtheirconnectionswitharcticoscillationandseaice AT junfengyang arcticatmosphericductingcharacteristicsandtheirconnectionswitharcticoscillationandseaice AT hulinsun arcticatmosphericductingcharacteristicsandtheirconnectionswitharcticoscillationandseaice AT jingma arcticatmosphericductingcharacteristicsandtheirconnectionswitharcticoscillationandseaice AT wenhaoyu arcticatmosphericductingcharacteristicsandtheirconnectionswitharcticoscillationandseaice |