Serotypes, virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of Glaesserella parasuis from diseased pigs in Taiwan
Background Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) belongs to the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract in the swine, but virulent strains can cause systemic infections commonly known as Glässer’s disease that leads to significant economic loss in the swine industry. Fifteen serotypes of G. p...
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-09-01
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| author | Ching-Fen Wu Chia-Yu Hsu Chi-Chung Chou Chao-Min Wang Szu-Wei Huang Hung-Chih Kuo |
| author_facet | Ching-Fen Wu Chia-Yu Hsu Chi-Chung Chou Chao-Min Wang Szu-Wei Huang Hung-Chih Kuo |
| author_sort | Ching-Fen Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) belongs to the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract in the swine, but virulent strains can cause systemic infections commonly known as Glässer’s disease that leads to significant economic loss in the swine industry. Fifteen serotypes of G. parasuis have been classified by gel immunodiffusion test while the molecular serotyping based on variation within the capsule loci have further improved the serotype determination of unidentified field strains. Serovar has been commonly used as an indicator of virulence; however, virulence can be significantly differ in the field isolates with the same serotype. To date, investigations of G. parasuis isolated in Taiwan regarding antimicrobial resistance, serotypes, genotypes and virulence factors remain unclear. Methods A total of 276 G.parasuis field isolates were collected from 263 diseased pigs at the Animal Disease Diagnostic Center of National Chiayi University in Taiwan from January 2013 to July 2021. Putative virulence factors and serotypes of the isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microbroth dilution assay. Additionally, the epidemiology of G. parasuis was characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results Serotype 4 (33.3%) and 5 (21.4%) were the most prevalent, followed by nontypable isolates (15.9%), serotype 13 (9.4%), 12 (6.5%), 14 (6.2%), 7 (3.3%), 1 (1.8%), 9 (1.1%), 11 (0.7%) and 6 (0.4%). Nine out of 10 putative virulence factors showed high positive rates, including group 1 vtaA (100%), fhuA (80.4%), hhdA (98.6%), hhdB (96.0%), sclB7 (99.6%), sclB11 (94.9%), nhaC (98.2%), HAPS_0254 (85.9%), and cirA (99.3%). According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ceftiofur and florfenicol were highly susceptible (>90%). Notably, 68.8% isolates showed multidrug resistance. MLST revealed 16 new alleles and 67 new sequence types (STs). STs of these isolated G. parasuis strains were classified into three clonal complexes and 45 singletons by Based Upon Related Sequence Types (BURST) analysis. All the G. parasuis strains in PubMLST database, including strains from the diseased pigs in the study, were defined into two main clusters by Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). Most isolates in this study and virulent isolates from the database were mainly located in cluster 2, while cluster 1 included a high percentage of nasal isolates from asymptomatic carriers. In conclusion, this study provides current prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of G. parasuis in Taiwan, which can be used in clinical diagnosis and treatment of Glässer’s disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:58:50Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1f90bddbb951473c97884f877ed8f8ca2023-12-03T09:58:04ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-09-0111e1582310.7717/peerj.15823Serotypes, virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of Glaesserella parasuis from diseased pigs in TaiwanChing-Fen Wu0Chia-Yu Hsu1Chi-Chung Chou2Chao-Min Wang3Szu-Wei Huang4Hung-Chih Kuo5Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taichung, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, TaiwanBackground Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) belongs to the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract in the swine, but virulent strains can cause systemic infections commonly known as Glässer’s disease that leads to significant economic loss in the swine industry. Fifteen serotypes of G. parasuis have been classified by gel immunodiffusion test while the molecular serotyping based on variation within the capsule loci have further improved the serotype determination of unidentified field strains. Serovar has been commonly used as an indicator of virulence; however, virulence can be significantly differ in the field isolates with the same serotype. To date, investigations of G. parasuis isolated in Taiwan regarding antimicrobial resistance, serotypes, genotypes and virulence factors remain unclear. Methods A total of 276 G.parasuis field isolates were collected from 263 diseased pigs at the Animal Disease Diagnostic Center of National Chiayi University in Taiwan from January 2013 to July 2021. Putative virulence factors and serotypes of the isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microbroth dilution assay. Additionally, the epidemiology of G. parasuis was characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results Serotype 4 (33.3%) and 5 (21.4%) were the most prevalent, followed by nontypable isolates (15.9%), serotype 13 (9.4%), 12 (6.5%), 14 (6.2%), 7 (3.3%), 1 (1.8%), 9 (1.1%), 11 (0.7%) and 6 (0.4%). Nine out of 10 putative virulence factors showed high positive rates, including group 1 vtaA (100%), fhuA (80.4%), hhdA (98.6%), hhdB (96.0%), sclB7 (99.6%), sclB11 (94.9%), nhaC (98.2%), HAPS_0254 (85.9%), and cirA (99.3%). According to the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ceftiofur and florfenicol were highly susceptible (>90%). Notably, 68.8% isolates showed multidrug resistance. MLST revealed 16 new alleles and 67 new sequence types (STs). STs of these isolated G. parasuis strains were classified into three clonal complexes and 45 singletons by Based Upon Related Sequence Types (BURST) analysis. All the G. parasuis strains in PubMLST database, including strains from the diseased pigs in the study, were defined into two main clusters by Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). Most isolates in this study and virulent isolates from the database were mainly located in cluster 2, while cluster 1 included a high percentage of nasal isolates from asymptomatic carriers. In conclusion, this study provides current prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of G. parasuis in Taiwan, which can be used in clinical diagnosis and treatment of Glässer’s disease.https://peerj.com/articles/15823.pdfGlaesserella parasuisMolecular serotypingVirulence factorsAntimicrobial susceptibility testingMultilocus sequence typing |
| spellingShingle | Ching-Fen Wu Chia-Yu Hsu Chi-Chung Chou Chao-Min Wang Szu-Wei Huang Hung-Chih Kuo Serotypes, virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of Glaesserella parasuis from diseased pigs in Taiwan PeerJ Glaesserella parasuis Molecular serotyping Virulence factors Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Multilocus sequence typing |
| title | Serotypes, virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of Glaesserella parasuis from diseased pigs in Taiwan |
| title_full | Serotypes, virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of Glaesserella parasuis from diseased pigs in Taiwan |
| title_fullStr | Serotypes, virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of Glaesserella parasuis from diseased pigs in Taiwan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serotypes, virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of Glaesserella parasuis from diseased pigs in Taiwan |
| title_short | Serotypes, virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of Glaesserella parasuis from diseased pigs in Taiwan |
| title_sort | serotypes virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of glaesserella parasuis from diseased pigs in taiwan |
| topic | Glaesserella parasuis Molecular serotyping Virulence factors Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Multilocus sequence typing |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/15823.pdf |
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