Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular Mechanisms
Estrogens are hormones that have been extensively presented in many types of cancer such as breast, uterus, colorectal, prostate, and others, due to dynamically integrated signaling cascades that coordinate cellular growth, differentiation, and death which can be potentially new therapeutic targets....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.811578/full |
| _version_ | 1818755052773310464 |
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| author | Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez Cecilia Rico-Fuentes Edgar Iván López-Pulido Julio César Villegas-Pineda Erick Sierra-Diaz Erick Sierra-Diaz |
| author_facet | Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez Cecilia Rico-Fuentes Edgar Iván López-Pulido Julio César Villegas-Pineda Erick Sierra-Diaz Erick Sierra-Diaz |
| author_sort | Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Estrogens are hormones that have been extensively presented in many types of cancer such as breast, uterus, colorectal, prostate, and others, due to dynamically integrated signaling cascades that coordinate cellular growth, differentiation, and death which can be potentially new therapeutic targets. Despite the historical use of estrogens in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa), their biological effect is not well known, nor their role in carcinogenesis or the mechanisms used to carry their therapeutic effects of neoplastic in prostate transformation. The expression and regulation of the estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα, ERβ, and GPER stimulated by agonists and antagonists, and related to prostate cancer cells are herein reviewed. Subsequently, the structures of the ERs and their splice variants, the binding of ligands to ERs, and the effect on PCa are provided. Finally, we also assessed the contribution of molecular simulation which can help us to search and predict potential estrogenic activities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T05:33:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f95b1561f5645b49fab5d3e2f73421d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T05:33:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f95b1561f5645b49fab5d3e2f73421d2022-12-21T21:19:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-01-011210.3389/fendo.2021.811578811578Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular MechanismsAdrián Ramírez-de-Arellano0Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez1Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez2Cecilia Rico-Fuentes3Edgar Iván López-Pulido4Julio César Villegas-Pineda5Erick Sierra-Diaz6Erick Sierra-Diaz7Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoCentro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, MexicoCentro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoDepartamentos de Clínicas Quirúrgicas y Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoDepartamento de Urología, Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, MexicoEstrogens are hormones that have been extensively presented in many types of cancer such as breast, uterus, colorectal, prostate, and others, due to dynamically integrated signaling cascades that coordinate cellular growth, differentiation, and death which can be potentially new therapeutic targets. Despite the historical use of estrogens in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa), their biological effect is not well known, nor their role in carcinogenesis or the mechanisms used to carry their therapeutic effects of neoplastic in prostate transformation. The expression and regulation of the estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα, ERβ, and GPER stimulated by agonists and antagonists, and related to prostate cancer cells are herein reviewed. Subsequently, the structures of the ERs and their splice variants, the binding of ligands to ERs, and the effect on PCa are provided. Finally, we also assessed the contribution of molecular simulation which can help us to search and predict potential estrogenic activities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.811578/fullprostate cancerestrogen receptorcastration - resistant prostate cancerandrogen deprivation therapiesGPER |
| spellingShingle | Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez Cecilia Rico-Fuentes Edgar Iván López-Pulido Julio César Villegas-Pineda Erick Sierra-Diaz Erick Sierra-Diaz Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular Mechanisms Frontiers in Endocrinology prostate cancer estrogen receptor castration - resistant prostate cancer androgen deprivation therapies GPER |
| title | Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_full | Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_short | Distribution and Effects of Estrogen Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Associated Molecular Mechanisms |
| title_sort | distribution and effects of estrogen receptors in prostate cancer associated molecular mechanisms |
| topic | prostate cancer estrogen receptor castration - resistant prostate cancer androgen deprivation therapies GPER |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.811578/full |
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