Mold and Stain Resistance of Bamboo Treated with Pyraclostrobin Fungicide
Bamboo is rich in starch and sugars and can be infected by mold and stain fungi, degrading its performance, shortening its service life, and reducing its utilization value. It is crucial to investigate how to protect bamboo against mold and stain fungi. The zone of inhibition test was used to evalua...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-12-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/24/5537 |
| _version_ | 1797455568973070336 |
|---|---|
| author | Jingpeng Zhang Mingliang Jiang Bin Zhang Yuzhang Wu Xingxia Ma |
| author_facet | Jingpeng Zhang Mingliang Jiang Bin Zhang Yuzhang Wu Xingxia Ma |
| author_sort | Jingpeng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bamboo is rich in starch and sugars and can be infected by mold and stain fungi, degrading its performance, shortening its service life, and reducing its utilization value. It is crucial to investigate how to protect bamboo against mold and stain fungi. The zone of inhibition test was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin and 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) against stain fungi (<i>Botryodiplodia theobromae</i>, <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i>, and <i>Alternaria alternate</i>) and mold fungi (<i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Penicillium citrinum</i>, and <i>Trichoderma viride</i>) to develop new chemicals to protect bamboo against stain fungi and molds. The inhibitory activity of the composite pyraclostrobin and IPBC with different ratios was evaluated. Water-based formulations of the fungi were used to treat the bamboo, and the mold and stain resistance of the bamboo was investigated at different chemical retention rates. The results showed that the antifungal activity of pyraclostrobin was significantly higher than that of azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl. Different degrees of inhibitory activities against the stain and mold fungi were observed, and the inhibitory activity was higher against stain fungi than against molds. The three stain fungi were completely inhibited at a 7:3 ratio of pyraclostrobin to IPBC and 0.1% concentration. As the ratio increased, the inhibitory effect against mixed mold strains improved. The control efficacy of the pyraclostrobin formulations Str-1 and Str-2 at 0.1% concentration was 100% against <i>Alternaria alternate</i> and 70.8% against <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i>. The control efficacy of the composite formulations SI-1 and SI-2 at 0.1% concentration was 100% against all three stain fungi and greater than 91.8% against the mixed mold strains. This study provides new insights into the utilization of pyraclostrobin and its composite formulations as new bamboo antifungal agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:55:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1f9e0155a8b94d66943a1fffb81c2e7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:55:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-1f9e0155a8b94d66943a1fffb81c2e7c2023-11-24T17:33:50ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-12-011424553710.3390/polym14245537Mold and Stain Resistance of Bamboo Treated with Pyraclostrobin FungicideJingpeng Zhang0Mingliang Jiang1Bin Zhang2Yuzhang Wu3Xingxia Ma4Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaResearch Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaResearch Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaInstitute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaResearch Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaBamboo is rich in starch and sugars and can be infected by mold and stain fungi, degrading its performance, shortening its service life, and reducing its utilization value. It is crucial to investigate how to protect bamboo against mold and stain fungi. The zone of inhibition test was used to evaluate the antifungal activity of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin and 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) against stain fungi (<i>Botryodiplodia theobromae</i>, <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i>, and <i>Alternaria alternate</i>) and mold fungi (<i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Penicillium citrinum</i>, and <i>Trichoderma viride</i>) to develop new chemicals to protect bamboo against stain fungi and molds. The inhibitory activity of the composite pyraclostrobin and IPBC with different ratios was evaluated. Water-based formulations of the fungi were used to treat the bamboo, and the mold and stain resistance of the bamboo was investigated at different chemical retention rates. The results showed that the antifungal activity of pyraclostrobin was significantly higher than that of azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl. Different degrees of inhibitory activities against the stain and mold fungi were observed, and the inhibitory activity was higher against stain fungi than against molds. The three stain fungi were completely inhibited at a 7:3 ratio of pyraclostrobin to IPBC and 0.1% concentration. As the ratio increased, the inhibitory effect against mixed mold strains improved. The control efficacy of the pyraclostrobin formulations Str-1 and Str-2 at 0.1% concentration was 100% against <i>Alternaria alternate</i> and 70.8% against <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i>. The control efficacy of the composite formulations SI-1 and SI-2 at 0.1% concentration was 100% against all three stain fungi and greater than 91.8% against the mixed mold strains. This study provides new insights into the utilization of pyraclostrobin and its composite formulations as new bamboo antifungal agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/24/5537bamboostrobilurinspyraclostrobinmold resistancestain resistance |
| spellingShingle | Jingpeng Zhang Mingliang Jiang Bin Zhang Yuzhang Wu Xingxia Ma Mold and Stain Resistance of Bamboo Treated with Pyraclostrobin Fungicide Polymers bamboo strobilurins pyraclostrobin mold resistance stain resistance |
| title | Mold and Stain Resistance of Bamboo Treated with Pyraclostrobin Fungicide |
| title_full | Mold and Stain Resistance of Bamboo Treated with Pyraclostrobin Fungicide |
| title_fullStr | Mold and Stain Resistance of Bamboo Treated with Pyraclostrobin Fungicide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mold and Stain Resistance of Bamboo Treated with Pyraclostrobin Fungicide |
| title_short | Mold and Stain Resistance of Bamboo Treated with Pyraclostrobin Fungicide |
| title_sort | mold and stain resistance of bamboo treated with pyraclostrobin fungicide |
| topic | bamboo strobilurins pyraclostrobin mold resistance stain resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/24/5537 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jingpengzhang moldandstainresistanceofbambootreatedwithpyraclostrobinfungicide AT mingliangjiang moldandstainresistanceofbambootreatedwithpyraclostrobinfungicide AT binzhang moldandstainresistanceofbambootreatedwithpyraclostrobinfungicide AT yuzhangwu moldandstainresistanceofbambootreatedwithpyraclostrobinfungicide AT xingxiama moldandstainresistanceofbambootreatedwithpyraclostrobinfungicide |