The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga <i>Cystoseira amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i>
Inflammation and oxidative stress are part of the complex biological responses of body tissues to harmful stimuli. In recent years, due to the increased understanding that oxidative stress is implicated in several diseases, pharmaceutical industries have invested in the research and development of n...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/1/2 |
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| author | Gina De La Fuente Marco Fontana Valentina Asnaghi Mariachiara Chiantore Serena Mirata Annalisa Salis Gianluca Damonte Sonia Scarfì |
| author_facet | Gina De La Fuente Marco Fontana Valentina Asnaghi Mariachiara Chiantore Serena Mirata Annalisa Salis Gianluca Damonte Sonia Scarfì |
| author_sort | Gina De La Fuente |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammation and oxidative stress are part of the complex biological responses of body tissues to harmful stimuli. In recent years, due to the increased understanding that oxidative stress is implicated in several diseases, pharmaceutical industries have invested in the research and development of new antioxidant compounds, especially from marine environment sources. Marine seaweeds have shown the presence of many bioactive secondary metabolites, with great potentialities from both the nutraceutical and the biomedical point of view. In this study, 50%-ethanolic and DMSO extracts from the species <i>C. amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i> were obtained for the first time from seaweeds collected in the Ligurian Sea (north-western Mediterranean). The bioactive properties of these extracts were then investigated, in terms of quantification of specific antioxidant activities by relevant ROS scavenging spectrophotometric tests, and of anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-stimulated macrophages by evaluation of inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. The data obtained in this study demonstrate a strong anti-inflammatory effect of both <i>C. amentacea</i> extracts (DMSO and ethanolic). The extracts showed a very low grade of toxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts and a plethora of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that were for the first time thoroughly investigated. The two extracts were able to scavenge OH and NO radicals (OH EC50 between 392 and 454 μg/mL; NO EC50 between 546 and 1293 μg/mL), to partially rescue H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages cell death, to abate intracellular ROS production in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-stimulated macrophages and fibroblasts and to strongly inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory mediators, such as NO production and IL-1α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results pave the way, for the future use of <i>C. amentacea</i> metabolites, as an example, as antioxidant food additives in antiaging formulations as well as in cosmetic lenitive lotions for inflamed and/or damaged skin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1fad70012c5348c582e22b5017355768 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:49:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-1fad70012c5348c582e22b50173557682023-11-21T02:18:51ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972020-12-01191210.3390/md19010002The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga <i>Cystoseira amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i>Gina De La Fuente0Marco Fontana1Valentina Asnaghi2Mariachiara Chiantore3Serena Mirata4Annalisa Salis5Gianluca Damonte6Sonia Scarfì7Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, ItalyCentre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, ItalyCentre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, ItalyInflammation and oxidative stress are part of the complex biological responses of body tissues to harmful stimuli. In recent years, due to the increased understanding that oxidative stress is implicated in several diseases, pharmaceutical industries have invested in the research and development of new antioxidant compounds, especially from marine environment sources. Marine seaweeds have shown the presence of many bioactive secondary metabolites, with great potentialities from both the nutraceutical and the biomedical point of view. In this study, 50%-ethanolic and DMSO extracts from the species <i>C. amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i> were obtained for the first time from seaweeds collected in the Ligurian Sea (north-western Mediterranean). The bioactive properties of these extracts were then investigated, in terms of quantification of specific antioxidant activities by relevant ROS scavenging spectrophotometric tests, and of anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-stimulated macrophages by evaluation of inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators. The data obtained in this study demonstrate a strong anti-inflammatory effect of both <i>C. amentacea</i> extracts (DMSO and ethanolic). The extracts showed a very low grade of toxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts and a plethora of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that were for the first time thoroughly investigated. The two extracts were able to scavenge OH and NO radicals (OH EC50 between 392 and 454 μg/mL; NO EC50 between 546 and 1293 μg/mL), to partially rescue H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages cell death, to abate intracellular ROS production in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-stimulated macrophages and fibroblasts and to strongly inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory mediators, such as NO production and IL-1α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase gene expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results pave the way, for the future use of <i>C. amentacea</i> metabolites, as an example, as antioxidant food additives in antiaging formulations as well as in cosmetic lenitive lotions for inflamed and/or damaged skin.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/1/2brown algaeFucalesbiological effectsgene expression |
| spellingShingle | Gina De La Fuente Marco Fontana Valentina Asnaghi Mariachiara Chiantore Serena Mirata Annalisa Salis Gianluca Damonte Sonia Scarfì The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga <i>Cystoseira amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i> Marine Drugs brown algae Fucales biological effects gene expression |
| title | The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga <i>Cystoseira amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i> |
| title_full | The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga <i>Cystoseira amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga <i>Cystoseira amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga <i>Cystoseira amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i> |
| title_short | The Remarkable Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Extracts of the Brown Alga <i>Cystoseira amentacea</i> var. <i>stricta</i> |
| title_sort | remarkable antioxidant and anti inflammatory potential of the extracts of the brown alga i cystoseira amentacea i var i stricta i |
| topic | brown algae Fucales biological effects gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/1/2 |
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