Mechanisms of the Ammonium Sulfate Roasting of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Abstract Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) assisted roasting has been proven to be an effective way to convert spent lithium‐ion battery cathodes to water‐soluble salts. Herein, thermogravimetric (TG) experiments are performed to analyze the mechanism of the sulfation conversion process. First, the react...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Global Challenges |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200053 |
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| author | Xin Qu Yiqi Tang Mengting Li DongXu Liu Shuaibo Gao Huayi Yin |
| author_facet | Xin Qu Yiqi Tang Mengting Li DongXu Liu Shuaibo Gao Huayi Yin |
| author_sort | Xin Qu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) assisted roasting has been proven to be an effective way to convert spent lithium‐ion battery cathodes to water‐soluble salts. Herein, thermogravimetric (TG) experiments are performed to analyze the mechanism of the sulfation conversion process. First, the reaction activation energies of the sulfate‐assisted roasting are 88.87 and 95.27 kJ mol−1, which are calculated by Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods, respectively. Then, nucleation and growth are determined and verified as the sulfation reaction model by the Šatava–Šesták method. Finally, sub‐reactions of the sulfation process are investigated and reaction controlling mechanisms are determined by the contribution of sub‐reaction. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the phase boundary reaction is found to dominate in the initial step of the roasting process (α < 0.6) while the nucleation reaction controlls the following step (α > 0.6), agreeing well with changing trend of activation energy. Overall, thermogravimetric analysis is a general way to study the mechanism of the various roasting processes. |
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| id | doaj.art-1fc066107b4b4cdc938e59b098c22b5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2056-6646 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:25:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1fc066107b4b4cdc938e59b098c22b5a2022-12-22T03:00:36ZengWileyGlobal Challenges2056-66462022-12-01612n/an/a10.1002/gch2.202200053Mechanisms of the Ammonium Sulfate Roasting of Spent Lithium‐Ion BatteriesXin Qu0Yiqi Tang1Mengting Li2DongXu Liu3Shuaibo Gao4Huayi Yin5School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District Wuhan 430072 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral of Ministry of Education School of Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral of Ministry of Education School of Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P. R. ChinaKey Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral of Ministry of Education School of Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 P. R. ChinaSchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District Wuhan 430072 P. R. ChinaSchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road, Wuchang District Wuhan 430072 P. R. ChinaAbstract Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) assisted roasting has been proven to be an effective way to convert spent lithium‐ion battery cathodes to water‐soluble salts. Herein, thermogravimetric (TG) experiments are performed to analyze the mechanism of the sulfation conversion process. First, the reaction activation energies of the sulfate‐assisted roasting are 88.87 and 95.27 kJ mol−1, which are calculated by Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods, respectively. Then, nucleation and growth are determined and verified as the sulfation reaction model by the Šatava–Šesták method. Finally, sub‐reactions of the sulfation process are investigated and reaction controlling mechanisms are determined by the contribution of sub‐reaction. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the phase boundary reaction is found to dominate in the initial step of the roasting process (α < 0.6) while the nucleation reaction controlls the following step (α > 0.6), agreeing well with changing trend of activation energy. Overall, thermogravimetric analysis is a general way to study the mechanism of the various roasting processes.https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200053ammonium sulfate roastingmechanismsrecoveringŠatava–Šesták methodspent lithium‐ion batteries |
| spellingShingle | Xin Qu Yiqi Tang Mengting Li DongXu Liu Shuaibo Gao Huayi Yin Mechanisms of the Ammonium Sulfate Roasting of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries Global Challenges ammonium sulfate roasting mechanisms recovering Šatava–Šesták method spent lithium‐ion batteries |
| title | Mechanisms of the Ammonium Sulfate Roasting of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries |
| title_full | Mechanisms of the Ammonium Sulfate Roasting of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of the Ammonium Sulfate Roasting of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of the Ammonium Sulfate Roasting of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries |
| title_short | Mechanisms of the Ammonium Sulfate Roasting of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries |
| title_sort | mechanisms of the ammonium sulfate roasting of spent lithium ion batteries |
| topic | ammonium sulfate roasting mechanisms recovering Šatava–Šesták method spent lithium‐ion batteries |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200053 |
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