Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert
Rainwater Catchment System Reliability (RCSR) is the chance that a system will deliver the required water for an interval of time. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is gaining popularity as a potential alternative water source for household or agricultural use. The reliability of the Al Abila dam in the we...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/5/944 |
| _version_ | 1797614189500432384 |
|---|---|
| author | Ammar Adham Rasha Abed Karrar Mahdi Waqed H. Hassan Michel Riksen Coen Ritsema |
| author_facet | Ammar Adham Rasha Abed Karrar Mahdi Waqed H. Hassan Michel Riksen Coen Ritsema |
| author_sort | Ammar Adham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rainwater Catchment System Reliability (RCSR) is the chance that a system will deliver the required water for an interval of time. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is gaining popularity as a potential alternative water source for household or agricultural use. The reliability of the Al Abila dam in the western desert of Iraq was analyzed using a water budget simulation model and two explanations of reliability, time-based reliability, and volumetric reliability. To evaluate rainwater harvesting system performance, comprehensive software utilizing a method for everyday water balance using data from 20 years of daily rainfall. According to the findings, volumetric reliability, and for the three climate scenarios (wet, average, and dry year), increased as the storage volume increased until a threshold accrued on the storage capacity of 11.7 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. While time-based reliability shows an increase up to a storage volume of 10.2 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. Volumetric reliability of roughly 34–75% may be achieved, while only 14–28% time-based reliability may be achieved. Water saving efficiency decreases with increasing demand fraction, while the runoff coefficient has no significant influence on water effectiveness. While growing storage fraction value increases the effectiveness of water conservation and the value of the runoff coefficient influences the water saving efficiency. For both cases, water saving efficiency for the dam does not reach 50%. Using daily rainfall data, the technique given in this paper might be applied to predict water savings and the RWH systems’ reliability in different arid and semi-arid areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:06:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1fce8e8b8a6e4cc28a62f939526fbd25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:06:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-1fce8e8b8a6e4cc28a62f939526fbd252023-11-17T08:55:14ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-03-0115594410.3390/w15050944Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western DesertAmmar Adham0Rasha Abed1Karrar Mahdi2Waqed H. Hassan3Michel Riksen4Coen Ritsema5Dams and Water Resources Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Baghdad 55431, IraqSoil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The NetherlandsSoil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The NetherlandsCollege of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Kerbala 56001, IraqSoil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The NetherlandsSoil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The NetherlandsRainwater Catchment System Reliability (RCSR) is the chance that a system will deliver the required water for an interval of time. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is gaining popularity as a potential alternative water source for household or agricultural use. The reliability of the Al Abila dam in the western desert of Iraq was analyzed using a water budget simulation model and two explanations of reliability, time-based reliability, and volumetric reliability. To evaluate rainwater harvesting system performance, comprehensive software utilizing a method for everyday water balance using data from 20 years of daily rainfall. According to the findings, volumetric reliability, and for the three climate scenarios (wet, average, and dry year), increased as the storage volume increased until a threshold accrued on the storage capacity of 11.7 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. While time-based reliability shows an increase up to a storage volume of 10.2 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. Volumetric reliability of roughly 34–75% may be achieved, while only 14–28% time-based reliability may be achieved. Water saving efficiency decreases with increasing demand fraction, while the runoff coefficient has no significant influence on water effectiveness. While growing storage fraction value increases the effectiveness of water conservation and the value of the runoff coefficient influences the water saving efficiency. For both cases, water saving efficiency for the dam does not reach 50%. Using daily rainfall data, the technique given in this paper might be applied to predict water savings and the RWH systems’ reliability in different arid and semi-arid areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/5/944reliabilityrainwater catchmentAl-Abila damIraq |
| spellingShingle | Ammar Adham Rasha Abed Karrar Mahdi Waqed H. Hassan Michel Riksen Coen Ritsema Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert Water reliability rainwater catchment Al-Abila dam Iraq |
| title | Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert |
| title_full | Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert |
| title_fullStr | Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert |
| title_short | Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert |
| title_sort | rainwater catchment system reliability analysis for al abila dam in iraq s western desert |
| topic | reliability rainwater catchment Al-Abila dam Iraq |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/5/944 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ammaradham rainwatercatchmentsystemreliabilityanalysisforalabiladaminiraqswesterndesert AT rashaabed rainwatercatchmentsystemreliabilityanalysisforalabiladaminiraqswesterndesert AT karrarmahdi rainwatercatchmentsystemreliabilityanalysisforalabiladaminiraqswesterndesert AT waqedhhassan rainwatercatchmentsystemreliabilityanalysisforalabiladaminiraqswesterndesert AT michelriksen rainwatercatchmentsystemreliabilityanalysisforalabiladaminiraqswesterndesert AT coenritsema rainwatercatchmentsystemreliabilityanalysisforalabiladaminiraqswesterndesert |