Ion Release and Surface Changes of Nickel–Titanium Archwires Induced by Changes in the pH Value of the Saliva—Significance for Human Health Risk Assessment
The aim of this study was to explore whether changes in the salivary pH influence mechanical properties, surface roughness, and ion release from NiTi archwires with various surface coatings, and discuss the clinical significance of the findings. The uncoated, rhodium-coated, and nitrified NiTi wires...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/1994 |
| _version_ | 1797445788933029888 |
|---|---|
| author | Zana Jusufi Osmani Borut Poljšak Saša Zelenika Ervin Kamenar Kristina Marković Marko Perčić Višnja Katić |
| author_facet | Zana Jusufi Osmani Borut Poljšak Saša Zelenika Ervin Kamenar Kristina Marković Marko Perčić Višnja Katić |
| author_sort | Zana Jusufi Osmani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to explore whether changes in the salivary pH influence mechanical properties, surface roughness, and ion release from NiTi archwires with various surface coatings, and discuss the clinical significance of the findings. The uncoated, rhodium-coated, and nitrified NiTi wires were immersed into artificial saliva of different pH values (4.8, 5.1, 5.5, and 6.6). Released nickel and titanium ions were measured with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy at the end of 28 days. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the arithmetic average surface roughness <i>R</i><sub>a</sub>, the root-mean-square roughness <i>R</i><sub>q</sub>, and the maximum height of the asperities <i>R</i><sub>Z</sub>. The nanoindentation hardness (<i>H</i><sub>IT</sub>) and Young’s modulus (<i>E</i><sub>IT</sub>) measurements were performed. The change in the pH of artificial saliva is inversely proportional to the release of titanium from both coated and uncoated wires, and the release of nickel from uncoated wires. The surface roughness parameters of both coated and uncoated wires are unaffected by the change in the pH of artificial saliva. The change in the pH of saliva has minor influence on the hardness and Young’s modulus of elasticity of both coated and uncoated wires. The concentration of released metal ions measured was below the recommended upper limit for daily intake; nevertheless, hypersensitivity effects cannot be excluded, even at lower concentrations and at low pH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:31:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1fdc75e80e894e64bc5a11ce5e595838 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:31:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-1fdc75e80e894e64bc5a11ce5e5958382023-11-30T21:17:11ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-03-01156199410.3390/ma15061994Ion Release and Surface Changes of Nickel–Titanium Archwires Induced by Changes in the pH Value of the Saliva—Significance for Human Health Risk AssessmentZana Jusufi Osmani0Borut Poljšak1Saša Zelenika2Ervin Kamenar3Kristina Marković4Marko Perčić5Višnja Katić6Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaLaboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Engineering & Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Engineering & Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Engineering & Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Engineering & Centre for Micro- and Nanosciences and Technologies, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaThe aim of this study was to explore whether changes in the salivary pH influence mechanical properties, surface roughness, and ion release from NiTi archwires with various surface coatings, and discuss the clinical significance of the findings. The uncoated, rhodium-coated, and nitrified NiTi wires were immersed into artificial saliva of different pH values (4.8, 5.1, 5.5, and 6.6). Released nickel and titanium ions were measured with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy at the end of 28 days. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the arithmetic average surface roughness <i>R</i><sub>a</sub>, the root-mean-square roughness <i>R</i><sub>q</sub>, and the maximum height of the asperities <i>R</i><sub>Z</sub>. The nanoindentation hardness (<i>H</i><sub>IT</sub>) and Young’s modulus (<i>E</i><sub>IT</sub>) measurements were performed. The change in the pH of artificial saliva is inversely proportional to the release of titanium from both coated and uncoated wires, and the release of nickel from uncoated wires. The surface roughness parameters of both coated and uncoated wires are unaffected by the change in the pH of artificial saliva. The change in the pH of saliva has minor influence on the hardness and Young’s modulus of elasticity of both coated and uncoated wires. The concentration of released metal ions measured was below the recommended upper limit for daily intake; nevertheless, hypersensitivity effects cannot be excluded, even at lower concentrations and at low pH.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/1994nickel hypersensitivityorthodontic wiressurface coatingsurface roughness |
| spellingShingle | Zana Jusufi Osmani Borut Poljšak Saša Zelenika Ervin Kamenar Kristina Marković Marko Perčić Višnja Katić Ion Release and Surface Changes of Nickel–Titanium Archwires Induced by Changes in the pH Value of the Saliva—Significance for Human Health Risk Assessment Materials nickel hypersensitivity orthodontic wires surface coating surface roughness |
| title | Ion Release and Surface Changes of Nickel–Titanium Archwires Induced by Changes in the pH Value of the Saliva—Significance for Human Health Risk Assessment |
| title_full | Ion Release and Surface Changes of Nickel–Titanium Archwires Induced by Changes in the pH Value of the Saliva—Significance for Human Health Risk Assessment |
| title_fullStr | Ion Release and Surface Changes of Nickel–Titanium Archwires Induced by Changes in the pH Value of the Saliva—Significance for Human Health Risk Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ion Release and Surface Changes of Nickel–Titanium Archwires Induced by Changes in the pH Value of the Saliva—Significance for Human Health Risk Assessment |
| title_short | Ion Release and Surface Changes of Nickel–Titanium Archwires Induced by Changes in the pH Value of the Saliva—Significance for Human Health Risk Assessment |
| title_sort | ion release and surface changes of nickel titanium archwires induced by changes in the ph value of the saliva significance for human health risk assessment |
| topic | nickel hypersensitivity orthodontic wires surface coating surface roughness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/1994 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zanajusufiosmani ionreleaseandsurfacechangesofnickeltitaniumarchwiresinducedbychangesinthephvalueofthesalivasignificanceforhumanhealthriskassessment AT borutpoljsak ionreleaseandsurfacechangesofnickeltitaniumarchwiresinducedbychangesinthephvalueofthesalivasignificanceforhumanhealthriskassessment AT sasazelenika ionreleaseandsurfacechangesofnickeltitaniumarchwiresinducedbychangesinthephvalueofthesalivasignificanceforhumanhealthriskassessment AT ervinkamenar ionreleaseandsurfacechangesofnickeltitaniumarchwiresinducedbychangesinthephvalueofthesalivasignificanceforhumanhealthriskassessment AT kristinamarkovic ionreleaseandsurfacechangesofnickeltitaniumarchwiresinducedbychangesinthephvalueofthesalivasignificanceforhumanhealthriskassessment AT markopercic ionreleaseandsurfacechangesofnickeltitaniumarchwiresinducedbychangesinthephvalueofthesalivasignificanceforhumanhealthriskassessment AT visnjakatic ionreleaseandsurfacechangesofnickeltitaniumarchwiresinducedbychangesinthephvalueofthesalivasignificanceforhumanhealthriskassessment |