Ovo Like Zinc Finger 2 (OVOL2) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Correlates with Immune Cells Infiltration
Jiafa Wu,1 Dongping Luo,2 Shengnan Li3 1School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Medicine, Henan Poly...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/ovo-like-zinc-finger-2-ovol2-suppresses-breast-cancer-stem-cell-traits-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-BCTT |
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| author | Wu J Luo D Li S |
| author_facet | Wu J Luo D Li S |
| author_sort | Wu J |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Jiafa Wu,1 Dongping Luo,2 Shengnan Li3 1School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiafa Wu, School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China, Email wujiafa@haust.edu.cnBackground: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are associated with tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. It is known that many proteins and signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of BCSCs, however, much more efforts are needed to understand BCSCs comprehensively. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are important in cancer treatment efficacy and patient prognosis. We tried to identify potential suppressor of BCSCs and analyze its correlation with various immune cells infiltration by bioinformatic and experimental methods.Methods: Expression level and methylation state of OVOL2 were analyzed by tools from bc-GenExMiner v4.8 and UALCAN databases. The Kaplan–Meier plotter was applied to evaluate the prognostic values of OVOL2. Gene expression datasets (GSE7515, GSE15192) were selected to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to BCSCs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of DEGs were conducted. MCODE app plugin of Cytoscape was used to screen modules in PPI network of downregulated DEGs. Correlation of OVOL2 expression with infiltrating immune cells was evaluated by TIMER 2.0. Experiments were conducted to verify whether OVOL2 could inhibit stemness traits of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231.Results: The expression level of OVOL2 in basal/TNBC was significantly lower than that of other subtypes. Survival analyses indicated that high expression of OVOL2 was associated with favorable prognosis. GO and KEGG pathway analyses for upregulated and downregulated DEGs were conducted. The top three clusters of downregulated DEGs showed that tight junction and chemokines may play important roles in BCSCs. OVOL2 is one module of clusters. OVOL2 expression is correlated with various immune cells infiltration. Experiments showed that OVOL2 suppresses CD44+/CD24− ratio and mammospheres formation of MDA-MB-231.Conclusion: OVOL2 may play an important role in the regulation of breast cancer stemness and immune cell infiltration, and is likely to be a target for the treatment of breast cancer.Keywords: OVOL2, gene ontology, KEGG pathway, BCSCs, immune cell infiltration |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:17:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1fe03520042a468b962a1f0506efa529 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1179-1314 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:17:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-1fe03520042a468b962a1f0506efa5292022-12-22T03:07:06ZengDove Medical PressBreast Cancer: Targets and Therapy1179-13142022-08-01Volume 1421122777387Ovo Like Zinc Finger 2 (OVOL2) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Correlates with Immune Cells InfiltrationWu JLuo DLi SJiafa Wu,1 Dongping Luo,2 Shengnan Li3 1School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China; 2The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jiafa Wu, School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China, Email wujiafa@haust.edu.cnBackground: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are associated with tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. It is known that many proteins and signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of BCSCs, however, much more efforts are needed to understand BCSCs comprehensively. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells are important in cancer treatment efficacy and patient prognosis. We tried to identify potential suppressor of BCSCs and analyze its correlation with various immune cells infiltration by bioinformatic and experimental methods.Methods: Expression level and methylation state of OVOL2 were analyzed by tools from bc-GenExMiner v4.8 and UALCAN databases. The Kaplan–Meier plotter was applied to evaluate the prognostic values of OVOL2. Gene expression datasets (GSE7515, GSE15192) were selected to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to BCSCs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of DEGs were conducted. MCODE app plugin of Cytoscape was used to screen modules in PPI network of downregulated DEGs. Correlation of OVOL2 expression with infiltrating immune cells was evaluated by TIMER 2.0. Experiments were conducted to verify whether OVOL2 could inhibit stemness traits of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231.Results: The expression level of OVOL2 in basal/TNBC was significantly lower than that of other subtypes. Survival analyses indicated that high expression of OVOL2 was associated with favorable prognosis. GO and KEGG pathway analyses for upregulated and downregulated DEGs were conducted. The top three clusters of downregulated DEGs showed that tight junction and chemokines may play important roles in BCSCs. OVOL2 is one module of clusters. OVOL2 expression is correlated with various immune cells infiltration. Experiments showed that OVOL2 suppresses CD44+/CD24− ratio and mammospheres formation of MDA-MB-231.Conclusion: OVOL2 may play an important role in the regulation of breast cancer stemness and immune cell infiltration, and is likely to be a target for the treatment of breast cancer.Keywords: OVOL2, gene ontology, KEGG pathway, BCSCs, immune cell infiltrationhttps://www.dovepress.com/ovo-like-zinc-finger-2-ovol2-suppresses-breast-cancer-stem-cell-traits-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-BCTTovol2gene ontologykegg pathwaybcscsimmune cell infiltration |
| spellingShingle | Wu J Luo D Li S Ovo Like Zinc Finger 2 (OVOL2) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Correlates with Immune Cells Infiltration Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy ovol2 gene ontology kegg pathway bcscs immune cell infiltration |
| title | Ovo Like Zinc Finger 2 (OVOL2) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Correlates with Immune Cells Infiltration |
| title_full | Ovo Like Zinc Finger 2 (OVOL2) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Correlates with Immune Cells Infiltration |
| title_fullStr | Ovo Like Zinc Finger 2 (OVOL2) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Correlates with Immune Cells Infiltration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ovo Like Zinc Finger 2 (OVOL2) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Correlates with Immune Cells Infiltration |
| title_short | Ovo Like Zinc Finger 2 (OVOL2) Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cell Traits and Correlates with Immune Cells Infiltration |
| title_sort | ovo like zinc finger 2 ovol2 suppresses breast cancer stem cell traits and correlates with immune cells infiltration |
| topic | ovol2 gene ontology kegg pathway bcscs immune cell infiltration |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/ovo-like-zinc-finger-2-ovol2-suppresses-breast-cancer-stem-cell-traits-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-BCTT |
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