Modulation in Electric Conduction of PVK and Ferrocene-Doped PVK Thin Films
In this article, the dielectric properties of poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and ferrocene-doped PVK thin films are studied. The thin films were grown by the isothermal solution casting technique. Dielectric properties of grown films were studied as function of ferrocene concentration, frequency, and...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| author | Hari Chandra Nayak Shivendra Singh Parmar Rajendra Prasad Kumhar Shailendra Rajput |
| author_facet | Hari Chandra Nayak Shivendra Singh Parmar Rajendra Prasad Kumhar Shailendra Rajput |
| author_sort | Hari Chandra Nayak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this article, the dielectric properties of poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and ferrocene-doped PVK thin films are studied. The thin films were grown by the isothermal solution casting technique. Dielectric properties of grown films were studied as function of ferrocene concentration, frequency, and temperature. The relative permittivity (<i>ε</i>′) is increased with increasing ferrocene percentage (~1%) due to the free charge carriers. The relative permittivity decreases for higher ferrocene percentage (~2%). However, the relative permittivity of PVK and ferrocene-doped PVK samples remains almost constant for studied temperature range (313–413 K). The frequency dependence of tan <i>δ</i> for all samples is studied. The frequency dependence of dielectric parameter exhibits frequency dispersion behavior, which suggests all types of polarization present in the lower frequency range. The loss tangent (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>tan</mi><mi>δ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) values are larger at higher temperatures in the low frequency region. However, the tan <i>δ</i> values at different temperatures are almost similar in the high frequency region. It is observed that the relative permittivity is maximum, dielectric loss is minimum, and AC conductivity is minimum for 1% ferrocene doped PVK as compared to pure PVK and 2% ferrocene doped PVK samples. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:54:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1fe1d84c5767423b8cbf8770054b2588 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3978 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:54:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| series | Electronic Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-1fe1d84c5767423b8cbf8770054b25882023-11-24T00:59:55ZengMDPI AGElectronic Materials2673-39782022-01-0131536210.3390/electronicmat3010005Modulation in Electric Conduction of PVK and Ferrocene-Doped PVK Thin FilmsHari Chandra Nayak0Shivendra Singh Parmar1Rajendra Prasad Kumhar2Shailendra Rajput3Department of Physics, Maharaja Chhatrasal Bundelkhand University, Chhatarpur 471001, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shri Krishna University, Chhatarpur 471001, IndiaDepartment of Physics, Maharaja Chhatrasal Bundelkhand University, Chhatarpur 471001, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, IsraelIn this article, the dielectric properties of poly (9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and ferrocene-doped PVK thin films are studied. The thin films were grown by the isothermal solution casting technique. Dielectric properties of grown films were studied as function of ferrocene concentration, frequency, and temperature. The relative permittivity (<i>ε</i>′) is increased with increasing ferrocene percentage (~1%) due to the free charge carriers. The relative permittivity decreases for higher ferrocene percentage (~2%). However, the relative permittivity of PVK and ferrocene-doped PVK samples remains almost constant for studied temperature range (313–413 K). The frequency dependence of tan <i>δ</i> for all samples is studied. The frequency dependence of dielectric parameter exhibits frequency dispersion behavior, which suggests all types of polarization present in the lower frequency range. The loss tangent (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>tan</mi><mi>δ</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) values are larger at higher temperatures in the low frequency region. However, the tan <i>δ</i> values at different temperatures are almost similar in the high frequency region. It is observed that the relative permittivity is maximum, dielectric loss is minimum, and AC conductivity is minimum for 1% ferrocene doped PVK as compared to pure PVK and 2% ferrocene doped PVK samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3978/3/1/5poly (N-vinylcarbazole)activation energyconduction mechanismsferrocene |
| spellingShingle | Hari Chandra Nayak Shivendra Singh Parmar Rajendra Prasad Kumhar Shailendra Rajput Modulation in Electric Conduction of PVK and Ferrocene-Doped PVK Thin Films Electronic Materials poly (N-vinylcarbazole) activation energy conduction mechanisms ferrocene |
| title | Modulation in Electric Conduction of PVK and Ferrocene-Doped PVK Thin Films |
| title_full | Modulation in Electric Conduction of PVK and Ferrocene-Doped PVK Thin Films |
| title_fullStr | Modulation in Electric Conduction of PVK and Ferrocene-Doped PVK Thin Films |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulation in Electric Conduction of PVK and Ferrocene-Doped PVK Thin Films |
| title_short | Modulation in Electric Conduction of PVK and Ferrocene-Doped PVK Thin Films |
| title_sort | modulation in electric conduction of pvk and ferrocene doped pvk thin films |
| topic | poly (N-vinylcarbazole) activation energy conduction mechanisms ferrocene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3978/3/1/5 |
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