Preparing the New Phase of Argo: Scientific Achievements of the NAOS Project
Argo, the international array of profiling floats, is a major component of the global ocean and climate observing system. In 2010, the NAOS (Novel Argo Observing System) project was selected as part of the French “Investissements d’Avenir” Equipex program. The objectives of NAOS were to consolidate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.577408/full |
| _version_ | 1818260280180736000 |
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| author | Pierre-Yves Le Traon Pierre-Yves Le Traon Fabrizio D’Ortenzio Marcel Babin Edouard Leymarie Claudie Marec Claudie Marec Claudie Marec Sylvie Pouliquen Virginie Thierry Cecile Cabanes Cecile Cabanes Hervé Claustre Damien Desbruyères Leo Lacour Leo Lacour Jose-Luis Lagunas Jose-Luis Lagunas Jose-Luis Lagunas Guillaume Maze Herle Mercier Christophe Penkerc’h Noe Poffa Antoine Poteau Louis Prieur Virginie Racapé Achim Randelhoff Achim Randelhoff Eric Rehm Eric Rehm Catherine Marie Schmechtig Vincent Taillandier Thibaut Wagener Xiaogang Xing |
| author_facet | Pierre-Yves Le Traon Pierre-Yves Le Traon Fabrizio D’Ortenzio Marcel Babin Edouard Leymarie Claudie Marec Claudie Marec Claudie Marec Sylvie Pouliquen Virginie Thierry Cecile Cabanes Cecile Cabanes Hervé Claustre Damien Desbruyères Leo Lacour Leo Lacour Jose-Luis Lagunas Jose-Luis Lagunas Jose-Luis Lagunas Guillaume Maze Herle Mercier Christophe Penkerc’h Noe Poffa Antoine Poteau Louis Prieur Virginie Racapé Achim Randelhoff Achim Randelhoff Eric Rehm Eric Rehm Catherine Marie Schmechtig Vincent Taillandier Thibaut Wagener Xiaogang Xing |
| author_sort | Pierre-Yves Le Traon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Argo, the international array of profiling floats, is a major component of the global ocean and climate observing system. In 2010, the NAOS (Novel Argo Observing System) project was selected as part of the French “Investissements d’Avenir” Equipex program. The objectives of NAOS were to consolidate the French contribution to Argo’s core mission (global temperature and salinity measurements down to 2000 m), and also to develop the future generation of French Argo profiling floats and prepare the next phase of the Argo program with an extension to the deep ocean (Deep Argo), biogeochemistry (BGC-Argo) and polar seas. This paper summarizes how NAOS has met its objectives. The project significantly boosted France’s contribution to Argo’s core mission by deploying more than 100 NAOS standard Argo profiling floats. In addition, NAOS deployed new-generation floats as part of three scientific experiments: biogeochemical floats in the Mediterranean Sea, biogeochemical floats in the Arctic Ocean, and deep floats with oxygen sensors in the North Atlantic. The experiment in the Mediterranean Sea, launched in 2012, implemented and maintained a network of BGC-Argo floats at basin scale for the first time. The 32 BGC-Argo floats deployed and about 4000 BGC profiles collected have vastly improved characterization of the biogeochemical and ecosystem dynamics of the Mediterranean. Meanwhile, experiments in the Arctic and in the North Atlantic, starting in 2015 and deploying 20 Arctic BGC floats and 23 deep floats, have provided unique observations on biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic and deep-water masses, as well as ocean circulation variability in the North Atlantic. NAOS has therefore paved the way to the new operational phase of the Argo program in France that includes BGC and Deep Argo extensions. The objectives and characteristics of this new phase of Argo-France are discussed in the conclusion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:28:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1fee094b4afd4df186cfe54b1e6654ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:28:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-1fee094b4afd4df186cfe54b1e6654ab2022-12-22T00:15:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452020-10-01710.3389/fmars.2020.577408577408Preparing the New Phase of Argo: Scientific Achievements of the NAOS ProjectPierre-Yves Le Traon0Pierre-Yves Le Traon1Fabrizio D’Ortenzio2Marcel Babin3Edouard Leymarie4Claudie Marec5Claudie Marec6Claudie Marec7Sylvie Pouliquen8Virginie Thierry9Cecile Cabanes10Cecile Cabanes11Hervé Claustre12Damien Desbruyères13Leo Lacour14Leo Lacour15Jose-Luis Lagunas16Jose-Luis Lagunas17Jose-Luis Lagunas18Guillaume Maze19Herle Mercier20Christophe Penkerc’h21Noe Poffa22Antoine Poteau23Louis Prieur24Virginie Racapé25Achim Randelhoff26Achim Randelhoff27Eric Rehm28Eric Rehm29Catherine Marie Schmechtig30Vincent Taillandier31Thibaut Wagener32Xiaogang Xing33Ifremer, Plouzané, FranceMercator Ocean International, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, FranceCNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, FranceUMI 3376 Takuvik, Joint International Laboratory, Département de Biologie et Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CanadaCNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, FranceUMI 3376 Takuvik, Joint International Laboratory, Département de Biologie et Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CanadaCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, FranceCNRS, IRD, Unité Mixte de Service 3113, IUEM, Univ. Brest, Plouzané, FranceIfremer, Plouzané, FranceCNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, Univ. Brest, Plouzané, FranceCNRS, IRD, Unité Mixte de Service 3113, IUEM, Univ. Brest, Plouzané, FranceCNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, Univ. Brest, Plouzané, FranceCNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, FranceCNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, Univ. Brest, Plouzané, FranceUMI 3376 Takuvik, Joint International Laboratory, Département de Biologie et Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CanadaCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, FranceUMI 3376 Takuvik, Joint International Laboratory, Département de Biologie et Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CanadaCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, FranceRecherche et Développement pour la Défense Canada – Centre de Recherches de l’Atlantique, Dartmouth, NS, CanadaCNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, Univ. Brest, Plouzané, FranceCNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, Univ. Brest, Plouzané, FranceCNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, FranceIfremer, Plouzané, FranceCNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, FranceCNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, FranceCNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, Univ. Brest, Plouzané, FranceUMI 3376 Takuvik, Joint International Laboratory, Département de Biologie et Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CanadaCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, FranceUMI 3376 Takuvik, Joint International Laboratory, Département de Biologie et Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CanadaCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, FranceCNRS, Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers Ecce Terra, Sorbonne Université, Paris, FranceCNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, France0CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, Marseille, France1State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, ChinaArgo, the international array of profiling floats, is a major component of the global ocean and climate observing system. In 2010, the NAOS (Novel Argo Observing System) project was selected as part of the French “Investissements d’Avenir” Equipex program. The objectives of NAOS were to consolidate the French contribution to Argo’s core mission (global temperature and salinity measurements down to 2000 m), and also to develop the future generation of French Argo profiling floats and prepare the next phase of the Argo program with an extension to the deep ocean (Deep Argo), biogeochemistry (BGC-Argo) and polar seas. This paper summarizes how NAOS has met its objectives. The project significantly boosted France’s contribution to Argo’s core mission by deploying more than 100 NAOS standard Argo profiling floats. In addition, NAOS deployed new-generation floats as part of three scientific experiments: biogeochemical floats in the Mediterranean Sea, biogeochemical floats in the Arctic Ocean, and deep floats with oxygen sensors in the North Atlantic. The experiment in the Mediterranean Sea, launched in 2012, implemented and maintained a network of BGC-Argo floats at basin scale for the first time. The 32 BGC-Argo floats deployed and about 4000 BGC profiles collected have vastly improved characterization of the biogeochemical and ecosystem dynamics of the Mediterranean. Meanwhile, experiments in the Arctic and in the North Atlantic, starting in 2015 and deploying 20 Arctic BGC floats and 23 deep floats, have provided unique observations on biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic and deep-water masses, as well as ocean circulation variability in the North Atlantic. NAOS has therefore paved the way to the new operational phase of the Argo program in France that includes BGC and Deep Argo extensions. The objectives and characteristics of this new phase of Argo-France are discussed in the conclusion.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.577408/fullprofiling floatsdeep oceanbiogeochemistryMediterranean SeaArcticAtlantic |
| spellingShingle | Pierre-Yves Le Traon Pierre-Yves Le Traon Fabrizio D’Ortenzio Marcel Babin Edouard Leymarie Claudie Marec Claudie Marec Claudie Marec Sylvie Pouliquen Virginie Thierry Cecile Cabanes Cecile Cabanes Hervé Claustre Damien Desbruyères Leo Lacour Leo Lacour Jose-Luis Lagunas Jose-Luis Lagunas Jose-Luis Lagunas Guillaume Maze Herle Mercier Christophe Penkerc’h Noe Poffa Antoine Poteau Louis Prieur Virginie Racapé Achim Randelhoff Achim Randelhoff Eric Rehm Eric Rehm Catherine Marie Schmechtig Vincent Taillandier Thibaut Wagener Xiaogang Xing Preparing the New Phase of Argo: Scientific Achievements of the NAOS Project Frontiers in Marine Science profiling floats deep ocean biogeochemistry Mediterranean Sea Arctic Atlantic |
| title | Preparing the New Phase of Argo: Scientific Achievements of the NAOS Project |
| title_full | Preparing the New Phase of Argo: Scientific Achievements of the NAOS Project |
| title_fullStr | Preparing the New Phase of Argo: Scientific Achievements of the NAOS Project |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparing the New Phase of Argo: Scientific Achievements of the NAOS Project |
| title_short | Preparing the New Phase of Argo: Scientific Achievements of the NAOS Project |
| title_sort | preparing the new phase of argo scientific achievements of the naos project |
| topic | profiling floats deep ocean biogeochemistry Mediterranean Sea Arctic Atlantic |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.577408/full |
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