Roles of Neuropeptide S in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sleep
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is an endogenous peptide that regulates various physiological functions, such as immune functions, anxiety-like behaviors, learning and memory, the sleep–wake rhythm, ingestion, energy balance, and drug addiction. These processes include the NPS receptor (NPSR1). The NPS–NPSR1 s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/5/483 |
| _version_ | 1797533527701454848 |
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| author | Tetsuya Kushikata Kazuyoshi Hirota Junichi Saito Daiki Takekawa |
| author_facet | Tetsuya Kushikata Kazuyoshi Hirota Junichi Saito Daiki Takekawa |
| author_sort | Tetsuya Kushikata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neuropeptide S (NPS) is an endogenous peptide that regulates various physiological functions, such as immune functions, anxiety-like behaviors, learning and memory, the sleep–wake rhythm, ingestion, energy balance, and drug addiction. These processes include the NPS receptor (NPSR1). The NPS–NPSR1 system is also significantly associated with the onset of disease, as well as these physiologic functions. For example, NPS is involved in bronchial asthma, anxiety and awakening disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, among the various functions, we focus on the role of NPS in anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness; analgesia, mainly by anesthesia; and sleep–wakefulness. Progress in the field regarding the functions of endogenous peptides in the brain, including NPS, suggests that these three domains share common mechanisms. Further NPS research will help to elucidate in detail how these three domains interact with each other in their functions, and may contribute to improving the quality of medical care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:16:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1fef4c3933824d3990967115b87ab372 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:16:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-1fef4c3933824d3990967115b87ab3722023-11-21T20:20:36ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472021-05-0114548310.3390/ph14050483Roles of Neuropeptide S in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and SleepTetsuya Kushikata0Kazuyoshi Hirota1Junichi Saito2Daiki Takekawa3Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Zaifu 5, Hirosaki 0368562, JapanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Zaifu 5, Hirosaki 0368562, JapanDepartment of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Zaifu 5, Hirosaki 0368562, JapanDepartment of Anesthesia, Hirosaki University Hospital, Honcho 53, Hirosaki 0368563, JapanNeuropeptide S (NPS) is an endogenous peptide that regulates various physiological functions, such as immune functions, anxiety-like behaviors, learning and memory, the sleep–wake rhythm, ingestion, energy balance, and drug addiction. These processes include the NPS receptor (NPSR1). The NPS–NPSR1 system is also significantly associated with the onset of disease, as well as these physiologic functions. For example, NPS is involved in bronchial asthma, anxiety and awakening disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, among the various functions, we focus on the role of NPS in anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness; analgesia, mainly by anesthesia; and sleep–wakefulness. Progress in the field regarding the functions of endogenous peptides in the brain, including NPS, suggests that these three domains share common mechanisms. Further NPS research will help to elucidate in detail how these three domains interact with each other in their functions, and may contribute to improving the quality of medical care.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/5/483Neuropeptide SNeuropeptide S receptor (NPSR1)anesthesiaanalgesiasleep |
| spellingShingle | Tetsuya Kushikata Kazuyoshi Hirota Junichi Saito Daiki Takekawa Roles of Neuropeptide S in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sleep Pharmaceuticals Neuropeptide S Neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR1) anesthesia analgesia sleep |
| title | Roles of Neuropeptide S in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sleep |
| title_full | Roles of Neuropeptide S in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sleep |
| title_fullStr | Roles of Neuropeptide S in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sleep |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roles of Neuropeptide S in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sleep |
| title_short | Roles of Neuropeptide S in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sleep |
| title_sort | roles of neuropeptide s in anesthesia analgesia and sleep |
| topic | Neuropeptide S Neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR1) anesthesia analgesia sleep |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/5/483 |
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