Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics
Arboviruses are a diverse family of vector-borne pathogens that include members of the <i>Flaviviridae</i>, <i>Togaviridae</i>, <i>Phenuviridae</i>, <i>Peribunyaviridae</i>, <i>Reoviridae</i>, <i>Asfarviridae</i>, <i>Rhabd...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1159 |
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| author | Jano Varghese Imesh De Silva Douglas S. Millar |
| author_facet | Jano Varghese Imesh De Silva Douglas S. Millar |
| author_sort | Jano Varghese |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arboviruses are a diverse family of vector-borne pathogens that include members of the <i>Flaviviridae</i>, <i>Togaviridae</i>, <i>Phenuviridae</i>, <i>Peribunyaviridae</i>, <i>Reoviridae</i>, <i>Asfarviridae</i>, <i>Rhabdoviridae</i>, <i>Orthomyxoviridae</i> and <i>Poxviridae</i> families. It is thought that new world arboviruses such as yellow fever virus emerged in the 16th century due to the slave trade from Africa to America. Severe disease-causing viruses in humans include Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Numerous methods have been developed to detect the presence of these pathogens in clinical samples, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), lateral flow assays (LFAs) and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Most of these assays are performed in centralized laboratories due to the need for specialized equipment, such as PCR thermal cyclers and dedicated infrastructure. More recently, molecular methods have been developed which can be performed at a constant temperature, termed isothermal amplification, negating the need for expensive thermal cycling equipment. In most cases, isothermal amplification can now be carried out in as little as 5–20 min. These methods can potentially be used as inexpensive point of care (POC) tests and in-field deployable applications, thus decentralizing the molecular diagnosis of arboviral disease. This review focuses on the latest developments in isothermal amplification technology and detection techniques that have been applied to arboviral diagnostics and highlights future applications of these new technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:28:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1ff501b437af481dbb26f6d7179750f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:28:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-1ff501b437af481dbb26f6d7179750f32023-11-18T02:32:40ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-04-01115115910.3390/microorganisms11051159Latest Advances in Arbovirus DiagnosticsJano Varghese0Imesh De Silva1Douglas S. Millar2Genetic Signatures, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney 2042, AustraliaGenetic Signatures, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney 2042, AustraliaGenetic Signatures, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, Sydney 2042, AustraliaArboviruses are a diverse family of vector-borne pathogens that include members of the <i>Flaviviridae</i>, <i>Togaviridae</i>, <i>Phenuviridae</i>, <i>Peribunyaviridae</i>, <i>Reoviridae</i>, <i>Asfarviridae</i>, <i>Rhabdoviridae</i>, <i>Orthomyxoviridae</i> and <i>Poxviridae</i> families. It is thought that new world arboviruses such as yellow fever virus emerged in the 16th century due to the slave trade from Africa to America. Severe disease-causing viruses in humans include Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Numerous methods have been developed to detect the presence of these pathogens in clinical samples, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), lateral flow assays (LFAs) and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Most of these assays are performed in centralized laboratories due to the need for specialized equipment, such as PCR thermal cyclers and dedicated infrastructure. More recently, molecular methods have been developed which can be performed at a constant temperature, termed isothermal amplification, negating the need for expensive thermal cycling equipment. In most cases, isothermal amplification can now be carried out in as little as 5–20 min. These methods can potentially be used as inexpensive point of care (POC) tests and in-field deployable applications, thus decentralizing the molecular diagnosis of arboviral disease. This review focuses on the latest developments in isothermal amplification technology and detection techniques that have been applied to arboviral diagnostics and highlights future applications of these new technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1159isothermal amplificationarboviral diagnosticspoint of caredecentralized testing |
| spellingShingle | Jano Varghese Imesh De Silva Douglas S. Millar Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics Microorganisms isothermal amplification arboviral diagnostics point of care decentralized testing |
| title | Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics |
| title_full | Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics |
| title_fullStr | Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics |
| title_short | Latest Advances in Arbovirus Diagnostics |
| title_sort | latest advances in arbovirus diagnostics |
| topic | isothermal amplification arboviral diagnostics point of care decentralized testing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/5/1159 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT janovarghese latestadvancesinarbovirusdiagnostics AT imeshdesilva latestadvancesinarbovirusdiagnostics AT douglassmillar latestadvancesinarbovirusdiagnostics |