Immunotherapies in rare cancers
Abstract Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, placing a significant burden on healthcare systems as well as the global economy. Rare cancers comprise a group of about 200 cancers that individually occur at extremely low frequencies. In the United States (US), their frequency is approxi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Molecular Cancer |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01720-2 |
| _version_ | 1811171803965423616 |
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| author | Sneha Vivekanandhan Deborah Bahr Ashish Kothari Mohammed Ali Ashary Mizba Baksh Emmanuel Gabriel |
| author_facet | Sneha Vivekanandhan Deborah Bahr Ashish Kothari Mohammed Ali Ashary Mizba Baksh Emmanuel Gabriel |
| author_sort | Sneha Vivekanandhan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, placing a significant burden on healthcare systems as well as the global economy. Rare cancers comprise a group of about 200 cancers that individually occur at extremely low frequencies. In the United States (US), their frequency is approximately 15 cases per 100,000 people, and it is even lower in Europe with approximately 6 cases per 100,000 people. However, combined their frequency of occurrence is much higher than any singular cancer. Cancer treatment and management has tremendously improved in the last decade, particularly with the administration of immune-based therapies. The four most prevalent immune-based therapies are (1) the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, (2) macrophage therapy, (3) Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, and (4) neoantigen-based therapies. In our review, we discuss these various aproaches and their implementation in the treatment of a variety of rare cancers. Furthermore, we discuss their limitations and potential strategies to overcome them to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches. Finally, our article presents the future directions and other additional immune therapies that may be incorporated into the treatment of rare cancers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:20:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20004e113736406faabd3a576d95d3fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-4598 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:20:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Cancer |
| spelling | doaj.art-20004e113736406faabd3a576d95d3fd2023-02-05T12:06:10ZengBMCMolecular Cancer1476-45982023-02-0122112110.1186/s12943-023-01720-2Immunotherapies in rare cancersSneha Vivekanandhan0Deborah Bahr1Ashish Kothari2Mohammed Ali Ashary3Mizba Baksh4Emmanuel Gabriel5Department of Immunology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Immunology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesDepartment of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Mayo ClinicAbstract Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, placing a significant burden on healthcare systems as well as the global economy. Rare cancers comprise a group of about 200 cancers that individually occur at extremely low frequencies. In the United States (US), their frequency is approximately 15 cases per 100,000 people, and it is even lower in Europe with approximately 6 cases per 100,000 people. However, combined their frequency of occurrence is much higher than any singular cancer. Cancer treatment and management has tremendously improved in the last decade, particularly with the administration of immune-based therapies. The four most prevalent immune-based therapies are (1) the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, (2) macrophage therapy, (3) Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, and (4) neoantigen-based therapies. In our review, we discuss these various aproaches and their implementation in the treatment of a variety of rare cancers. Furthermore, we discuss their limitations and potential strategies to overcome them to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches. Finally, our article presents the future directions and other additional immune therapies that may be incorporated into the treatment of rare cancers.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01720-2RareCancersImmune checkpoint inhibitorsPD1CTLA-4CAR T cells |
| spellingShingle | Sneha Vivekanandhan Deborah Bahr Ashish Kothari Mohammed Ali Ashary Mizba Baksh Emmanuel Gabriel Immunotherapies in rare cancers Molecular Cancer Rare Cancers Immune checkpoint inhibitors PD1 CTLA-4 CAR T cells |
| title | Immunotherapies in rare cancers |
| title_full | Immunotherapies in rare cancers |
| title_fullStr | Immunotherapies in rare cancers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunotherapies in rare cancers |
| title_short | Immunotherapies in rare cancers |
| title_sort | immunotherapies in rare cancers |
| topic | Rare Cancers Immune checkpoint inhibitors PD1 CTLA-4 CAR T cells |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01720-2 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT snehavivekanandhan immunotherapiesinrarecancers AT deborahbahr immunotherapiesinrarecancers AT ashishkothari immunotherapiesinrarecancers AT mohammedaliashary immunotherapiesinrarecancers AT mizbabaksh immunotherapiesinrarecancers AT emmanuelgabriel immunotherapiesinrarecancers |