The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Epoxy Vitrimers with Enhanced Glass Transition Temperatures
A series of epoxy vitrimers (EVs) with enhanced glass transition temperatures (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>s) were synthesized by curing epoxy resin E51 with different ratios of phthalic anhydride and sebacic acid as curing agents, and 1,5,7-triazabicyclic [4.4.0] dece-5-ene as a tra...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/22/4346 |
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| author | Chunai Dai Yang Shi Zhen Li Tingting Hu Xiao Wang Yi Ding Luting Yan Yaohua Liang Yingze Cao Pengfei Wang |
| author_facet | Chunai Dai Yang Shi Zhen Li Tingting Hu Xiao Wang Yi Ding Luting Yan Yaohua Liang Yingze Cao Pengfei Wang |
| author_sort | Chunai Dai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A series of epoxy vitrimers (EVs) with enhanced glass transition temperatures (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>s) were synthesized by curing epoxy resin E51 with different ratios of phthalic anhydride and sebacic acid as curing agents, and 1,5,7-triazabicyclic [4.4.0] dece-5-ene as a transesterification catalyst, and their curing dynamics, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and thermal stability were comprehensively investigated. By adjusting the molar ratio of the anhydride to the carboxylic acid in the curing agent, the <i>T</i><sub>g</sub>s of the EVs increased from 79 to 143 °C with the increase in the anhydride content. In particular, the material EV-5.5 with a high usable <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> of 98 °C could undergo stress relaxation through the transesterification reaction when exposed to high temperatures (160 to 200 °C), and the correlation between the relaxation time and temperature follows the Arrhenius equation. Moreover, EV-5.5 exhibited elastomeric behavior, where brittle fractures occurred before yielding, which demonstrated a tensile strength of 52 MPa. EV-5.5 also exhibited good thermal stability with a decomposition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>d5</sub>) of 322 °C. This study introduces new possibilities for practical applications of thermoset epoxy resins under special environmental conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:30:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2005b978c8d843a1905ccb1117e758c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:30:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-2005b978c8d843a1905ccb1117e758c72023-11-24T15:02:16ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-11-011522434610.3390/polym15224346The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Epoxy Vitrimers with Enhanced Glass Transition TemperaturesChunai Dai0Yang Shi1Zhen Li2Tingting Hu3Xiao Wang4Yi Ding5Luting Yan6Yaohua Liang7Yingze Cao8Pengfei Wang9School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaChina Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation, Beijing 100088, ChinaSchool of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaSchool of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USAChina Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, ChinaChina Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation, Beijing 100088, ChinaA series of epoxy vitrimers (EVs) with enhanced glass transition temperatures (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>s) were synthesized by curing epoxy resin E51 with different ratios of phthalic anhydride and sebacic acid as curing agents, and 1,5,7-triazabicyclic [4.4.0] dece-5-ene as a transesterification catalyst, and their curing dynamics, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and thermal stability were comprehensively investigated. By adjusting the molar ratio of the anhydride to the carboxylic acid in the curing agent, the <i>T</i><sub>g</sub>s of the EVs increased from 79 to 143 °C with the increase in the anhydride content. In particular, the material EV-5.5 with a high usable <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> of 98 °C could undergo stress relaxation through the transesterification reaction when exposed to high temperatures (160 to 200 °C), and the correlation between the relaxation time and temperature follows the Arrhenius equation. Moreover, EV-5.5 exhibited elastomeric behavior, where brittle fractures occurred before yielding, which demonstrated a tensile strength of 52 MPa. EV-5.5 also exhibited good thermal stability with a decomposition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>d5</sub>) of 322 °C. This study introduces new possibilities for practical applications of thermoset epoxy resins under special environmental conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/22/4346epoxy vitrimerglass transition temperatureepoxy resin E51curing agentphthalic anhydridesebacic acid |
| spellingShingle | Chunai Dai Yang Shi Zhen Li Tingting Hu Xiao Wang Yi Ding Luting Yan Yaohua Liang Yingze Cao Pengfei Wang The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Epoxy Vitrimers with Enhanced Glass Transition Temperatures Polymers epoxy vitrimer glass transition temperature epoxy resin E51 curing agent phthalic anhydride sebacic acid |
| title | The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Epoxy Vitrimers with Enhanced Glass Transition Temperatures |
| title_full | The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Epoxy Vitrimers with Enhanced Glass Transition Temperatures |
| title_fullStr | The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Epoxy Vitrimers with Enhanced Glass Transition Temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Epoxy Vitrimers with Enhanced Glass Transition Temperatures |
| title_short | The Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Epoxy Vitrimers with Enhanced Glass Transition Temperatures |
| title_sort | design synthesis and characterization of epoxy vitrimers with enhanced glass transition temperatures |
| topic | epoxy vitrimer glass transition temperature epoxy resin E51 curing agent phthalic anhydride sebacic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/22/4346 |
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