Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan
Faisalabad is a major industrial area in Pakistan’s Punjab province that discharges wastewater into the Chenab River. Industrial effluents in Faisalabad are predicted to pose a significant threat to the riparian vegetation of the Chenab River and nearby vegetation. Heavy metal pollution of plants, w...
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/15565.pdf |
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| author | Toqeer Abbas Iftikhar Ahmad Zafar Iqbal Khan Anis Ali Shah Ryan Casini Hosam O. Elansary |
| author_facet | Toqeer Abbas Iftikhar Ahmad Zafar Iqbal Khan Anis Ali Shah Ryan Casini Hosam O. Elansary |
| author_sort | Toqeer Abbas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Faisalabad is a major industrial area in Pakistan’s Punjab province that discharges wastewater into the Chenab River. Industrial effluents in Faisalabad are predicted to pose a significant threat to the riparian vegetation of the Chenab River and nearby vegetation. Heavy metal pollution of plants, water, and soils is one of the biggest problems worldwide that needs to be addressed because heavy metals above normal levels are extremely dangerous to both riparian vegetation and wildlife. The results indicated high levels of pollution in the industrial effluents as well as in the river in terms of salinity, metal toxicity, TSS, TDS, SAR, the acidic and alkaline nature of the industrial effluents, and the spread of industrial effluents up to 15 square kilometres in the Chenab River. Despite the higher pollution, four plants were found at all sites: Calotropis procera, Phyla nodiflora, Eclipta alba and Ranunculus sceleratus. It was found that most of the selected plants were phytoaccumulators, making them best suited to survive in harsh environments such as those with industrial pollution. The Fe concentration in the plant constituents was the highest, along with Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all of which were above the permissible limits of the WHO. The metal transfer factor (MTF) was higher in most of the plants studied, and even exceeded 10 at some severely affected sites. Calotropis procera proved to be the most suitable plant for growth on drainage systems and also at river sites, as it had the highest importance value across all sites and seasons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:55:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2008e14ea01a4a74a7669db622d1bd53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:55:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-2008e14ea01a4a74a7669db622d1bd532023-12-03T01:03:37ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-06-0111e1556510.7717/peerj.15565Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, PakistanToqeer Abbas0Iftikhar Ahmad1Zafar Iqbal Khan2Anis Ali Shah3Ryan Casini4Hosam O. Elansary5Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, PakistanSchool of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USADepartment of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaFaisalabad is a major industrial area in Pakistan’s Punjab province that discharges wastewater into the Chenab River. Industrial effluents in Faisalabad are predicted to pose a significant threat to the riparian vegetation of the Chenab River and nearby vegetation. Heavy metal pollution of plants, water, and soils is one of the biggest problems worldwide that needs to be addressed because heavy metals above normal levels are extremely dangerous to both riparian vegetation and wildlife. The results indicated high levels of pollution in the industrial effluents as well as in the river in terms of salinity, metal toxicity, TSS, TDS, SAR, the acidic and alkaline nature of the industrial effluents, and the spread of industrial effluents up to 15 square kilometres in the Chenab River. Despite the higher pollution, four plants were found at all sites: Calotropis procera, Phyla nodiflora, Eclipta alba and Ranunculus sceleratus. It was found that most of the selected plants were phytoaccumulators, making them best suited to survive in harsh environments such as those with industrial pollution. The Fe concentration in the plant constituents was the highest, along with Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all of which were above the permissible limits of the WHO. The metal transfer factor (MTF) was higher in most of the plants studied, and even exceeded 10 at some severely affected sites. Calotropis procera proved to be the most suitable plant for growth on drainage systems and also at river sites, as it had the highest importance value across all sites and seasons.https://peerj.com/articles/15565.pdfRiparian floraIndustrial pollutionRiver ChenabEffluentsHeavy metalsWater |
| spellingShingle | Toqeer Abbas Iftikhar Ahmad Zafar Iqbal Khan Anis Ali Shah Ryan Casini Hosam O. Elansary Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan PeerJ Riparian flora Industrial pollution River Chenab Effluents Heavy metals Water |
| title | Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_full | Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_short | Stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of River Chenab Punjab, Pakistan |
| title_sort | stress mitigation by riparian flora in industrial contaminated area of river chenab punjab pakistan |
| topic | Riparian flora Industrial pollution River Chenab Effluents Heavy metals Water |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/15565.pdf |
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