Effect of Three Commercial Formulations Containing Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Diflufenican and Flurochloridone Degradation in Soil
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of effective microorganisms (EM) present in biological formulations improving soil quality on degradation of two herbicides, diflufenican and flurochloridone. Three commercially available formulations containing EM were used: a formulation contain...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4541 |
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| author | Paulina Książek-Trela Ewelina Bielak Dominika Węzka Ewa Szpyrka |
| author_facet | Paulina Książek-Trela Ewelina Bielak Dominika Węzka Ewa Szpyrka |
| author_sort | Paulina Książek-Trela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to determine the influence of effective microorganisms (EM) present in biological formulations improving soil quality on degradation of two herbicides, diflufenican and flurochloridone. Three commercially available formulations containing EM were used: a formulation containing <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Lactococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Bacillus,</i> and <i>Rhodopseudomonas</i> bacteria and the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>; a formulation containing <i>Streptomyces</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Rhodococcus</i>, <i>Cellulomonas</i>, <i>Arthrobacter</i>, <i>Paenibacillusa</i>, and <i>Pseudonocardia</i> bacteria; and a formulation containing eight strains of <i>Bacillus</i> bacteria, <i>B. megaterium</i>, <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>B. pumilus</i>, <i>B. licheniformis</i>, <i>B. coagulans</i>, <i>B. laterosporus</i>, <i>B. mucilaginosus</i>, and <i>B. polymyxa</i>. It was demonstrated that those formulations influenced degradation of herbicides. All studied formulations containing EM reduced the diflufenican degradation level, from 35.5% to 38%, due to an increased acidity of the soil environment and increased durability of that substance at lower pH levels. In the case of flurochloridone, all studied EM formulations increased degradation of that active substance by 19.3% to 31.2% at the most. For control samples, equations describing kinetics of diflufenican and flurochloridone elimination were plotted, and a time of the half-life of these substances in laboratory conditions was calculated, amounting to 25.7 for diflufenican and 22.4 for flurochloridone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:07:00Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:07:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-200ac8a83fa642069303e903659596602023-12-03T12:01:56ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-07-012714454110.3390/molecules27144541Effect of Three Commercial Formulations Containing Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Diflufenican and Flurochloridone Degradation in SoilPaulina Książek-Trela0Ewelina Bielak1Dominika Węzka2Ewa Szpyrka3Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigonia St., 35-310 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigonia St., 35-310 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigonia St., 35-310 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigonia St., 35-310 Rzeszow, PolandThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of effective microorganisms (EM) present in biological formulations improving soil quality on degradation of two herbicides, diflufenican and flurochloridone. Three commercially available formulations containing EM were used: a formulation containing <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Lactococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Bacillus,</i> and <i>Rhodopseudomonas</i> bacteria and the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>; a formulation containing <i>Streptomyces</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Rhodococcus</i>, <i>Cellulomonas</i>, <i>Arthrobacter</i>, <i>Paenibacillusa</i>, and <i>Pseudonocardia</i> bacteria; and a formulation containing eight strains of <i>Bacillus</i> bacteria, <i>B. megaterium</i>, <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>B. pumilus</i>, <i>B. licheniformis</i>, <i>B. coagulans</i>, <i>B. laterosporus</i>, <i>B. mucilaginosus</i>, and <i>B. polymyxa</i>. It was demonstrated that those formulations influenced degradation of herbicides. All studied formulations containing EM reduced the diflufenican degradation level, from 35.5% to 38%, due to an increased acidity of the soil environment and increased durability of that substance at lower pH levels. In the case of flurochloridone, all studied EM formulations increased degradation of that active substance by 19.3% to 31.2% at the most. For control samples, equations describing kinetics of diflufenican and flurochloridone elimination were plotted, and a time of the half-life of these substances in laboratory conditions was calculated, amounting to 25.7 for diflufenican and 22.4 for flurochloridone.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4541pesticidesdiflufenicanflurochloridoneeffective microorganismsbiodegradation |
| spellingShingle | Paulina Książek-Trela Ewelina Bielak Dominika Węzka Ewa Szpyrka Effect of Three Commercial Formulations Containing Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Diflufenican and Flurochloridone Degradation in Soil Molecules pesticides diflufenican flurochloridone effective microorganisms biodegradation |
| title | Effect of Three Commercial Formulations Containing Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Diflufenican and Flurochloridone Degradation in Soil |
| title_full | Effect of Three Commercial Formulations Containing Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Diflufenican and Flurochloridone Degradation in Soil |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Three Commercial Formulations Containing Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Diflufenican and Flurochloridone Degradation in Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Three Commercial Formulations Containing Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Diflufenican and Flurochloridone Degradation in Soil |
| title_short | Effect of Three Commercial Formulations Containing Effective Microorganisms (EM) on Diflufenican and Flurochloridone Degradation in Soil |
| title_sort | effect of three commercial formulations containing effective microorganisms em on diflufenican and flurochloridone degradation in soil |
| topic | pesticides diflufenican flurochloridone effective microorganisms biodegradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4541 |
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