Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System
The food web is a crucial conceptual tool for understanding the dynamics of energy transfer in an ecosystem, as well as the feeding relationships among species within a community. It also reveals species interactions and community structure. As a result, an ecological food web system with two predat...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Mathematics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/18/3300 |
| _version_ | 1827659137281949696 |
|---|---|
| author | Zainab Saeed Abbas Raid Kamel Naji |
| author_facet | Zainab Saeed Abbas Raid Kamel Naji |
| author_sort | Zainab Saeed Abbas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The food web is a crucial conceptual tool for understanding the dynamics of energy transfer in an ecosystem, as well as the feeding relationships among species within a community. It also reveals species interactions and community structure. As a result, an ecological food web system with two predators competing for prey while experiencing fear was developed and studied. The properties of the solution of the system were determined, and all potential equilibrium points were identified. The dynamic behavior in their immediate surroundings was examined both locally and globally. The system’s persistence demands were calculated, and all conceivable forms of local bifurcations were investigated. With the aid of MATLAB, a numerical simulation was used to clarify the control set of parameters and comprehend the overall dynamics. For the system to continue, it was determined that extremely high levels of either fear or harvesting lead to the extinction of one of the predator species. Moreover, in contrast to the ecological assumption that if two species are vying for the same resources, population values cannot be constant, this study showed that it is possible for two competing species to subsist on the same resources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:15:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-200f66914584402282ea9f2815a9576a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:15:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-200f66914584402282ea9f2815a9576a2023-11-23T17:36:12ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902022-09-011018330010.3390/math10183300Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web SystemZainab Saeed Abbas0Raid Kamel Naji1Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, IraqDepartment of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, IraqThe food web is a crucial conceptual tool for understanding the dynamics of energy transfer in an ecosystem, as well as the feeding relationships among species within a community. It also reveals species interactions and community structure. As a result, an ecological food web system with two predators competing for prey while experiencing fear was developed and studied. The properties of the solution of the system were determined, and all potential equilibrium points were identified. The dynamic behavior in their immediate surroundings was examined both locally and globally. The system’s persistence demands were calculated, and all conceivable forms of local bifurcations were investigated. With the aid of MATLAB, a numerical simulation was used to clarify the control set of parameters and comprehend the overall dynamics. For the system to continue, it was determined that extremely high levels of either fear or harvesting lead to the extinction of one of the predator species. Moreover, in contrast to the ecological assumption that if two species are vying for the same resources, population values cannot be constant, this study showed that it is possible for two competing species to subsist on the same resources.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/18/3300food webfearharvestingstabilitybifurcationpersistence |
| spellingShingle | Zainab Saeed Abbas Raid Kamel Naji Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System Mathematics food web fear harvesting stability bifurcation persistence |
| title | Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System |
| title_full | Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System |
| title_fullStr | Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System |
| title_short | Modeling and Analysis of the Influence of Fear on a Harvested Food Web System |
| title_sort | modeling and analysis of the influence of fear on a harvested food web system |
| topic | food web fear harvesting stability bifurcation persistence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/18/3300 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zainabsaeedabbas modelingandanalysisoftheinfluenceoffearonaharvestedfoodwebsystem AT raidkamelnaji modelingandanalysisoftheinfluenceoffearonaharvestedfoodwebsystem |