ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a general term for representing the pathway by which various stimuli affect ER functions. ER stress induces the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which compromises the stimulus and then determines whether the...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00388/full |
| _version_ | 1828180474422362112 |
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| author | Jia-Rong eJheng Jin-Yuan eHo Jim-Tong eHorng |
| author_facet | Jia-Rong eJheng Jin-Yuan eHo Jim-Tong eHorng |
| author_sort | Jia-Rong eJheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a general term for representing the pathway by which various stimuli affect ER functions. ER stress induces the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which compromises the stimulus and then determines whether the cell survives or dies. In recent years, ongoing research has suggested that these pathways may be linked to the autophagic response, which plays a key role in the cell’s response to various stressors. Autophagy performs a self-digestion function, and its activation protects cells against certain pathogens. However, the link between the UPR and autophagy may be more complicated. These two systems may act dependently, or the induction of one system may interfere with the other. Experimental studies have found that different viruses modulate these mechanisms to allow them to escape the host immune response or, worse, to exploit the host’s defense to their advantage; thus, this topic is a critical area in antiviral research. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about how RNA viruses, including influenza virus, poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus 71, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis C virus, and dengue virus, regulate these processes. We also discuss recent discoveries and how these will produce novel strategies for antiviral treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:45:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-200fcb4b40204549a4e6e7004b90b4fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:45:00Z |
| publishDate | 2014-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-200fcb4b40204549a4e6e7004b90b4fd2022-12-22T03:45:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2014-08-01510.3389/fmicb.2014.0038899277ER stress, autophagy, and RNA virusesJia-Rong eJheng0Jin-Yuan eHo1Jim-Tong eHorng2Chang Gung UniversityChang Gung UniversityChang Gung UniversityEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a general term for representing the pathway by which various stimuli affect ER functions. ER stress induces the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways, called the unfolded protein response (UPR), which compromises the stimulus and then determines whether the cell survives or dies. In recent years, ongoing research has suggested that these pathways may be linked to the autophagic response, which plays a key role in the cell’s response to various stressors. Autophagy performs a self-digestion function, and its activation protects cells against certain pathogens. However, the link between the UPR and autophagy may be more complicated. These two systems may act dependently, or the induction of one system may interfere with the other. Experimental studies have found that different viruses modulate these mechanisms to allow them to escape the host immune response or, worse, to exploit the host’s defense to their advantage; thus, this topic is a critical area in antiviral research. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about how RNA viruses, including influenza virus, poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus 71, Japanese encephalitis virus, hepatitis C virus, and dengue virus, regulate these processes. We also discuss recent discoveries and how these will produce novel strategies for antiviral treatment.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00388/fuller stressenterovirus 71IRE1ATF6eIF2αunfolded protein response. |
| spellingShingle | Jia-Rong eJheng Jin-Yuan eHo Jim-Tong eHorng ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses Frontiers in Microbiology er stress enterovirus 71 IRE1 ATF6 eIF2α unfolded protein response. |
| title | ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses |
| title_full | ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses |
| title_fullStr | ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses |
| title_short | ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses |
| title_sort | er stress autophagy and rna viruses |
| topic | er stress enterovirus 71 IRE1 ATF6 eIF2α unfolded protein response. |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00388/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiarongejheng erstressautophagyandrnaviruses AT jinyuaneho erstressautophagyandrnaviruses AT jimtongehorng erstressautophagyandrnaviruses |