Effect of Obesity and Hypertension on Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical Study
Introduction: Identifying risk factors of operative blood loss is imperative toward establishing an effective blood management implementation strategy and further minimise the requirement for perioperative blood loss and transfusion. Aim: To investigate whether the factors like obesity and hyperten...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16406/56328_CE[Ra1]_F[SH]_PF1(SC_SS)_PFA(SC_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
| _version_ | 1811165314428174336 |
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| author | Vikram Indrajit Shah Sachin Upadhyay Kalpesh Shah |
| author_facet | Vikram Indrajit Shah Sachin Upadhyay Kalpesh Shah |
| author_sort | Vikram Indrajit Shah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Identifying risk factors of operative blood loss is imperative toward establishing an effective blood management implementation strategy and further minimise the requirement for perioperative blood loss and transfusion.
Aim: To investigate whether the factors like obesity and hypertension affect blood loss and transfusion requirements in primary elective Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA).
Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted at Shalby Hospitals in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, from November 2017 to November 2019, on 91 patients recruited for primary elective TKA. The subjects were divided into two groups, i.e, group A (normotensive and non obese; n=46) and group B (Hypertensive and obese; n=45). Charlson-Deyo co-morbidity score was given to each patient as a measure of surgical risk. Data on intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, blood parameters (drop in haemoglobin, haematocrit value), and incidence of transfusion rates were recorded and assessed. All patients had standardised protocols of anesthesia, postsurgical and rehabilitation care protocols following surgery. Fisher’s-exact test, Chi-square test, and Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Pearson’s correlation was performed to identify factors associated to blood loss. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used.
Results: The intraoperative, postoperative and total blood loss (drop of haemoglobin and haematocrit) were significantly greater in the hypertensive and obese patients (p-value <0.001). The immediate postoperative day 1 haemoglobin and day 1 and 2 haematocrit were significantly better in the normotensive and non obese patients (p-value <0.001). Significantly greater number of hypertensive and obese patients required blood transfusion (p-value=0.045). There was a positive correlation between intraoperative blood loss and operative time in both groups (RA=0.04, p-value=0.74; RB=0.09, p-value=0.52) although statistically insignificant. Hypertensive and obese patients required longer hospitalisation (p-value <0.001). Three patients from group B were diagnosed to develop pulmonary embolism while admitted in hospital which was managed successfully by intensivists without any fatality.
Conclusion: Hypertension and obesity were associated with greater blood loss and transfusion requirement compared to non obese and normotensive patients undergoing primary elective TKA |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:36:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2010d4a2012c4ae1aa6c90f0a63af08d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:36:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-2010d4a2012c4ae1aa6c90f0a63af08d2023-02-13T05:11:37ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2022-05-01165RC05RC1110.7860/JCDR/2022/56328.16406Effect of Obesity and Hypertension on Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical StudyVikram Indrajit Shah0Sachin Upadhyay1Kalpesh Shah2Director and Head, Department of Knee and Hip Arthroplasty, Shalby Hospitals, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.Senior Arthroplasty Surgeon, Department of Knee and Hip Arthroplasty, Shalby Hospitals, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.Introduction: Identifying risk factors of operative blood loss is imperative toward establishing an effective blood management implementation strategy and further minimise the requirement for perioperative blood loss and transfusion. Aim: To investigate whether the factors like obesity and hypertension affect blood loss and transfusion requirements in primary elective Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted at Shalby Hospitals in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, from November 2017 to November 2019, on 91 patients recruited for primary elective TKA. The subjects were divided into two groups, i.e, group A (normotensive and non obese; n=46) and group B (Hypertensive and obese; n=45). Charlson-Deyo co-morbidity score was given to each patient as a measure of surgical risk. Data on intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, blood parameters (drop in haemoglobin, haematocrit value), and incidence of transfusion rates were recorded and assessed. All patients had standardised protocols of anesthesia, postsurgical and rehabilitation care protocols following surgery. Fisher’s-exact test, Chi-square test, and Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Pearson’s correlation was performed to identify factors associated to blood loss. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used. Results: The intraoperative, postoperative and total blood loss (drop of haemoglobin and haematocrit) were significantly greater in the hypertensive and obese patients (p-value <0.001). The immediate postoperative day 1 haemoglobin and day 1 and 2 haematocrit were significantly better in the normotensive and non obese patients (p-value <0.001). Significantly greater number of hypertensive and obese patients required blood transfusion (p-value=0.045). There was a positive correlation between intraoperative blood loss and operative time in both groups (RA=0.04, p-value=0.74; RB=0.09, p-value=0.52) although statistically insignificant. Hypertensive and obese patients required longer hospitalisation (p-value <0.001). Three patients from group B were diagnosed to develop pulmonary embolism while admitted in hospital which was managed successfully by intensivists without any fatality. Conclusion: Hypertension and obesity were associated with greater blood loss and transfusion requirement compared to non obese and normotensive patients undergoing primary elective TKAhttps://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16406/56328_CE[Ra1]_F[SH]_PF1(SC_SS)_PFA(SC_KM)_PN(KM).pdfcharlson-deyo co-morbidity scorehaemoglobinhaematocritpostoperative blood losspulmonary embolismrisk factors |
| spellingShingle | Vikram Indrajit Shah Sachin Upadhyay Kalpesh Shah Effect of Obesity and Hypertension on Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical Study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research charlson-deyo co-morbidity score haemoglobin haematocrit postoperative blood loss pulmonary embolism risk factors |
| title | Effect of Obesity and Hypertension on Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical Study |
| title_full | Effect of Obesity and Hypertension on Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical Study |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Obesity and Hypertension on Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Obesity and Hypertension on Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical Study |
| title_short | Effect of Obesity and Hypertension on Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion Requirements in Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Clinical Study |
| title_sort | effect of obesity and hypertension on blood loss and blood transfusion requirements in primary elective total knee arthroplasty a prospective clinical study |
| topic | charlson-deyo co-morbidity score haemoglobin haematocrit postoperative blood loss pulmonary embolism risk factors |
| url | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16406/56328_CE[Ra1]_F[SH]_PF1(SC_SS)_PFA(SC_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
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