Characterization with X-rays of a Large-Area GEMPix Detector with Optical Readout for QA in Hadron Therapy
Quality Assurance (QA) in hadron therapy is crucial to ensure safe and accurate dose delivery to patients. This can be achieved with fast, reliable and high-resolution detectors. In this paper, we present a novel solution that combines a triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and a highly pixelated re...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/14/6459 |
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| author | Andreia Maia Oliveira Hylke B. Akkerman Saverio Braccini Albert J. J. M. van Breemen Lucia Gallego Manzano Natalie Heracleous Ilias Katsouras Johannes Leidner Fabrizio Murtas Bart Peeters Marco Silari |
| author_facet | Andreia Maia Oliveira Hylke B. Akkerman Saverio Braccini Albert J. J. M. van Breemen Lucia Gallego Manzano Natalie Heracleous Ilias Katsouras Johannes Leidner Fabrizio Murtas Bart Peeters Marco Silari |
| author_sort | Andreia Maia Oliveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quality Assurance (QA) in hadron therapy is crucial to ensure safe and accurate dose delivery to patients. This can be achieved with fast, reliable and high-resolution detectors. In this paper, we present a novel solution that combines a triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and a highly pixelated readout based on a matrix of organic photodiodes fabricated on top of an oxide-based thin-film transistor backplane. The first LaGEMPix prototype with an active area of 60 × 80 mm<sup>2</sup> was developed and characterized using low energy X-rays. The detector comprises a drift gap of 3.5 mm, a triple-GEM stack for electron amplification, and a readout featuring 480 × 640 pixels at a 126 µm pitch. Here, we describe the measurements and results in terms of spatial resolution for various experimental configurations. A comparison with GAFCHROMIC<sup>®</sup> films and the GEMPix detector used in the charge readout mode was performed to better understand the contribution to the spatial resolution from both the electron diffusion and the isotropic emission of photons. The measurements were compared to Monte Carlo simulations, using the FLUKA code. The simulation predictions are in good agreement with the GEMPix results. Future plans with respect to applications in hadron therapy are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:46:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-201e783021e549a9ab4c57e763995973 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:46:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-201e783021e549a9ab4c57e7639959732023-11-22T03:10:09ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-07-011114645910.3390/app11146459Characterization with X-rays of a Large-Area GEMPix Detector with Optical Readout for QA in Hadron TherapyAndreia Maia Oliveira0Hylke B. Akkerman1Saverio Braccini2Albert J. J. M. van Breemen3Lucia Gallego Manzano4Natalie Heracleous5Ilias Katsouras6Johannes Leidner7Fabrizio Murtas8Bart Peeters9Marco Silari10CERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandHolst Centre/TNO, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The NetherlandsAlbert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandHolst Centre/TNO, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The NetherlandsCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandHolst Centre/TNO, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The NetherlandsCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandHolst Centre/TNO, High Tech Campus 31, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The NetherlandsCERN, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandQuality Assurance (QA) in hadron therapy is crucial to ensure safe and accurate dose delivery to patients. This can be achieved with fast, reliable and high-resolution detectors. In this paper, we present a novel solution that combines a triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and a highly pixelated readout based on a matrix of organic photodiodes fabricated on top of an oxide-based thin-film transistor backplane. The first LaGEMPix prototype with an active area of 60 × 80 mm<sup>2</sup> was developed and characterized using low energy X-rays. The detector comprises a drift gap of 3.5 mm, a triple-GEM stack for electron amplification, and a readout featuring 480 × 640 pixels at a 126 µm pitch. Here, we describe the measurements and results in terms of spatial resolution for various experimental configurations. A comparison with GAFCHROMIC<sup>®</sup> films and the GEMPix detector used in the charge readout mode was performed to better understand the contribution to the spatial resolution from both the electron diffusion and the isotropic emission of photons. The measurements were compared to Monte Carlo simulations, using the FLUKA code. The simulation predictions are in good agreement with the GEMPix results. Future plans with respect to applications in hadron therapy are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/14/6459hadron therapyparticle detectorsdosimetryquality assuranceGEMoptical readout |
| spellingShingle | Andreia Maia Oliveira Hylke B. Akkerman Saverio Braccini Albert J. J. M. van Breemen Lucia Gallego Manzano Natalie Heracleous Ilias Katsouras Johannes Leidner Fabrizio Murtas Bart Peeters Marco Silari Characterization with X-rays of a Large-Area GEMPix Detector with Optical Readout for QA in Hadron Therapy Applied Sciences hadron therapy particle detectors dosimetry quality assurance GEM optical readout |
| title | Characterization with X-rays of a Large-Area GEMPix Detector with Optical Readout for QA in Hadron Therapy |
| title_full | Characterization with X-rays of a Large-Area GEMPix Detector with Optical Readout for QA in Hadron Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Characterization with X-rays of a Large-Area GEMPix Detector with Optical Readout for QA in Hadron Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization with X-rays of a Large-Area GEMPix Detector with Optical Readout for QA in Hadron Therapy |
| title_short | Characterization with X-rays of a Large-Area GEMPix Detector with Optical Readout for QA in Hadron Therapy |
| title_sort | characterization with x rays of a large area gempix detector with optical readout for qa in hadron therapy |
| topic | hadron therapy particle detectors dosimetry quality assurance GEM optical readout |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/14/6459 |
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