Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission
Macaques, Macaca fascicularis, are a known reservoir of Plasmodium knowlesi, the agent of simian malaria which is the predominant zoonotic species affecting humans in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. Recently, a naturally acquired human infection of another simian malaria parasite, P. c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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EDP Sciences
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Parasite |
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| Online Access: | https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2022/01/parasite210038/parasite210038.html |
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| author | Yusuf Noorazian Md Zulkefli Jannah Jiram Adela Ida Vythilingam Indra Hisam Shamilah Devi Renuka Salehhuddin Afiqah Ali Nurulshuhada Md Isa Maccallyster Alias Norwahida Ogu salim Nurhainis Aziz Adli Abd Sulaiman Lokman Hakim |
| author_facet | Yusuf Noorazian Md Zulkefli Jannah Jiram Adela Ida Vythilingam Indra Hisam Shamilah Devi Renuka Salehhuddin Afiqah Ali Nurulshuhada Md Isa Maccallyster Alias Norwahida Ogu salim Nurhainis Aziz Adli Abd Sulaiman Lokman Hakim |
| author_sort | Yusuf Noorazian Md |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macaques, Macaca fascicularis, are a known reservoir of Plasmodium knowlesi, the agent of simian malaria which is the predominant zoonotic species affecting humans in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. Recently, a naturally acquired human infection of another simian malaria parasite, P. cynomolgi has been reported. Thus, it is crucial to study the distribution of simian Plasmodium infections with particular attention to the macaques. Four hundred and nineteen (419) long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were trapped in selected areas where human cases of P. knowlesi and P. cynomolgi have been reported. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to identify the Plasmodium spp., and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) genes of P. knowlesi samples were sequenced. Plasmodium cynomolgi infection was shown to be the most prevalent among the macaque population (68.4%). Although 50.6% of analyzed samples contained single infections either with P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui, P. coatneyi, or P. fieldi, mixed infections with double, triple, quadruple, and all 5 species were also detected. Infection with P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi were the highest among Malaysian macaques in areas where humans and macaques are in close contact. The risk of zoonotic infection in these areas needs to be addressed since the number of zoonotic malaria cases is on the rise. With the elimination of human malaria, the risk of humans being infected with simian malaria is very high and steps should be taken to mitigate this issue. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T13:49:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-201fd4498c7746eebc1c18f14a09bf2b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1776-1042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T13:49:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | EDP Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasite |
| spelling | doaj.art-201fd4498c7746eebc1c18f14a09bf2b2023-11-02T09:10:52ZengEDP SciencesParasite1776-10422022-01-01293210.1051/parasite/2022032parasite210038Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmissionYusuf Noorazian Md0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2638-3789Zulkefli Jannah1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-4562Jiram Adela Ida2Vythilingam Indra3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-7996Hisam Shamilah4Devi Renuka5Salehhuddin Afiqah6Ali Nurulshuhada Md7Isa Maccallyster8Alias Norwahida9Ogu salim Nurhainis10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-5651Aziz Adli Abd11Sulaiman Lokman Hakim12Parasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaParasitology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Block C3 & C7, Level 2, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health MalaysiaMacaques, Macaca fascicularis, are a known reservoir of Plasmodium knowlesi, the agent of simian malaria which is the predominant zoonotic species affecting humans in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. Recently, a naturally acquired human infection of another simian malaria parasite, P. cynomolgi has been reported. Thus, it is crucial to study the distribution of simian Plasmodium infections with particular attention to the macaques. Four hundred and nineteen (419) long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were trapped in selected areas where human cases of P. knowlesi and P. cynomolgi have been reported. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to identify the Plasmodium spp., and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) genes of P. knowlesi samples were sequenced. Plasmodium cynomolgi infection was shown to be the most prevalent among the macaque population (68.4%). Although 50.6% of analyzed samples contained single infections either with P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui, P. coatneyi, or P. fieldi, mixed infections with double, triple, quadruple, and all 5 species were also detected. Infection with P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi were the highest among Malaysian macaques in areas where humans and macaques are in close contact. The risk of zoonotic infection in these areas needs to be addressed since the number of zoonotic malaria cases is on the rise. With the elimination of human malaria, the risk of humans being infected with simian malaria is very high and steps should be taken to mitigate this issue.https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2022/01/parasite210038/parasite210038.htmlzoonotic malariamacaquessimian malariaplasmodium knowlesiplasmodium cynomolgi |
| spellingShingle | Yusuf Noorazian Md Zulkefli Jannah Jiram Adela Ida Vythilingam Indra Hisam Shamilah Devi Renuka Salehhuddin Afiqah Ali Nurulshuhada Md Isa Maccallyster Alias Norwahida Ogu salim Nurhainis Aziz Adli Abd Sulaiman Lokman Hakim Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission Parasite zoonotic malaria macaques simian malaria plasmodium knowlesi plasmodium cynomolgi |
| title | Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission |
| title_full | Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission |
| title_fullStr | Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission |
| title_short | Plasmodium spp. in macaques, Macaca fascicularis, in Malaysia, and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission |
| title_sort | plasmodium spp in macaques macaca fascicularis in malaysia and their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission |
| topic | zoonotic malaria macaques simian malaria plasmodium knowlesi plasmodium cynomolgi |
| url | https://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2022/01/parasite210038/parasite210038.html |
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