Analysis of Programmed Cell Death and Senescence Markers in the Developing Retina of an Altricial Bird Species
This study shows the distribution patterns of apoptotic cells and biomarkers of cellular senescence during the ontogeny of the retina in the zebra finch (<i>T. guttata</i>). Neurogenesis in this altricial bird species is intense in the retina at perinatal and post-hatching stages, as opp...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/3/504 |
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| author | Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán José Antonio de Mera-Rodríguez Ismael Hernández-Núñez Alfonso Marzal Yolanda Gañán Gervasio Martín-Partido Joaquín Rodríguez-León Javier Francisco-Morcillo |
| author_facet | Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán José Antonio de Mera-Rodríguez Ismael Hernández-Núñez Alfonso Marzal Yolanda Gañán Gervasio Martín-Partido Joaquín Rodríguez-León Javier Francisco-Morcillo |
| author_sort | Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study shows the distribution patterns of apoptotic cells and biomarkers of cellular senescence during the ontogeny of the retina in the zebra finch (<i>T. guttata</i>). Neurogenesis in this altricial bird species is intense in the retina at perinatal and post-hatching stages, as opposed to precocial bird species in which retinogenesis occurs entirely during the embryonic period. Various phases of programmed cell death (PCD) were distinguishable in the <i>T. guttata</i> visual system. These included areas of PCD in the central region of the neuroretina at the stages of optic cup morphogenesis, and in the sub-optic necrotic centers (St15–St20). A small focus of early neural PCD was detected in the neuroblastic layer, dorsal to the optic nerve head, coinciding with the appearance of the first differentiated neuroblasts (St24–St25). There were sparse pyknotic bodies in the non-laminated retina between St26 and St37. An intense wave of neurotrophic PCD was detected in the laminated retina between St42 and P8, the last post-hatching stage included in the present study. PCD was absent from the photoreceptor layer. Phagocytic activity was also detected in Müller cells during the wave of neurotrophic PCD. With regard to the chronotopographical staining patterns of senescence biomarkers, there was strong parallelism between the SA-<i>β</i>-GAL signal and p21 immunoreactivity in both the undifferentiated and the laminated retina, coinciding in the cell body of differentiated neurons. In contrast, no correlation was found between SA-<i>β</i>-GAL activity and the distribution of TUNEL-positive cells in the developing tissue. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:29:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2030e6f45839453fbd86c24890590d4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:29:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-2030e6f45839453fbd86c24890590d4f2023-12-11T18:38:41ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-02-0110350410.3390/cells10030504Analysis of Programmed Cell Death and Senescence Markers in the Developing Retina of an Altricial Bird SpeciesGuadalupe Álvarez-Hernán0José Antonio de Mera-Rodríguez1Ismael Hernández-Núñez2Alfonso Marzal3Yolanda Gañán4Gervasio Martín-Partido5Joaquín Rodríguez-León6Javier Francisco-Morcillo7Área de Biología Celular Departamento de Anatomía Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Biología Celular Departamento de Anatomía Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Biología Celular Departamento de Anatomía Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Zoología, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Biología Celular Departamento de Anatomía Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, SpainÁrea de Biología Celular Departamento de Anatomía Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, SpainThis study shows the distribution patterns of apoptotic cells and biomarkers of cellular senescence during the ontogeny of the retina in the zebra finch (<i>T. guttata</i>). Neurogenesis in this altricial bird species is intense in the retina at perinatal and post-hatching stages, as opposed to precocial bird species in which retinogenesis occurs entirely during the embryonic period. Various phases of programmed cell death (PCD) were distinguishable in the <i>T. guttata</i> visual system. These included areas of PCD in the central region of the neuroretina at the stages of optic cup morphogenesis, and in the sub-optic necrotic centers (St15–St20). A small focus of early neural PCD was detected in the neuroblastic layer, dorsal to the optic nerve head, coinciding with the appearance of the first differentiated neuroblasts (St24–St25). There were sparse pyknotic bodies in the non-laminated retina between St26 and St37. An intense wave of neurotrophic PCD was detected in the laminated retina between St42 and P8, the last post-hatching stage included in the present study. PCD was absent from the photoreceptor layer. Phagocytic activity was also detected in Müller cells during the wave of neurotrophic PCD. With regard to the chronotopographical staining patterns of senescence biomarkers, there was strong parallelism between the SA-<i>β</i>-GAL signal and p21 immunoreactivity in both the undifferentiated and the laminated retina, coinciding in the cell body of differentiated neurons. In contrast, no correlation was found between SA-<i>β</i>-GAL activity and the distribution of TUNEL-positive cells in the developing tissue.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/3/504programmed cell deathcellular senescenceretinogenesisaltricial bird speciesprecocial bird speciessenescence-associated galactosidase activity |
| spellingShingle | Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán José Antonio de Mera-Rodríguez Ismael Hernández-Núñez Alfonso Marzal Yolanda Gañán Gervasio Martín-Partido Joaquín Rodríguez-León Javier Francisco-Morcillo Analysis of Programmed Cell Death and Senescence Markers in the Developing Retina of an Altricial Bird Species Cells programmed cell death cellular senescence retinogenesis altricial bird species precocial bird species senescence-associated galactosidase activity |
| title | Analysis of Programmed Cell Death and Senescence Markers in the Developing Retina of an Altricial Bird Species |
| title_full | Analysis of Programmed Cell Death and Senescence Markers in the Developing Retina of an Altricial Bird Species |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Programmed Cell Death and Senescence Markers in the Developing Retina of an Altricial Bird Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Programmed Cell Death and Senescence Markers in the Developing Retina of an Altricial Bird Species |
| title_short | Analysis of Programmed Cell Death and Senescence Markers in the Developing Retina of an Altricial Bird Species |
| title_sort | analysis of programmed cell death and senescence markers in the developing retina of an altricial bird species |
| topic | programmed cell death cellular senescence retinogenesis altricial bird species precocial bird species senescence-associated galactosidase activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/3/504 |
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