Preparation and Characterization of Salsalate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity
The controlled-release characteristic of drug delivery systems is utilized to increase the residence time of therapeutic agents in the human body. This study aimed to formulate and characterize salsalate (SSL)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) prepared using the ionic gelation method and to asse...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/12/733 |
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| author | Sivarasan Ganesan Jagadeesh Kumar Alagarasan Mohandoss Sonaimuthu Kanakaraj Aruchamy Fatemah Homoud Alkallas Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi Fedor Vasilievich Kusmartsev Veerababu Polisetti Moonyong Lee Huang-Mu Lo |
| author_facet | Sivarasan Ganesan Jagadeesh Kumar Alagarasan Mohandoss Sonaimuthu Kanakaraj Aruchamy Fatemah Homoud Alkallas Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi Fedor Vasilievich Kusmartsev Veerababu Polisetti Moonyong Lee Huang-Mu Lo |
| author_sort | Sivarasan Ganesan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The controlled-release characteristic of drug delivery systems is utilized to increase the residence time of therapeutic agents in the human body. This study aimed to formulate and characterize salsalate (SSL)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) prepared using the ionic gelation method and to assess their in vitro release and antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. The optimized CSNPs and CSNP–SSL formulation were characterized for particle size (156.4 ± 12.7 nm and 132.8 ± 17.4 nm), polydispersity index (0.489 ± 0.011 and 0.236 ± 132 0.021), zeta potential (68 ± 16 mV and 37 ± 11 mV), and entrapment efficiency (68.9 ± 2.14%). Physicochemical features of these nanoparticles were characterized using UV–visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that CSNPs and CSNP–SSL were spherical in shape with a smooth surface and their particle size ranged between 200 and 500 nm. In vitro release profiles of the optimized formulations showed an initial burst followed by slow and sustained drug release after 18 h (64.2 ± 3.2%) and 48 h (84.6 ± 4.23%), respectively. Additionally, the CSNPs and CSNP–SSL nanoparticles showed a sustained antibacterial action against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (15.7 ± 0.1 and 19.1 ± 1.2 mm) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (17.5 ± 0.8 and 21.6 ± 1.7 243 mm). Interestingly, CSNP–SSL showed better capability (89.4 ± 1.2% and 95.8 ± 0.7%) than did CSNPs in inhibiting antibiofilm production by <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i> (<i>E2</i>) and <i>Klebsiella quasipneumoniae</i> (<i>SC3</i>). Therefore, CSNPs are a promising dosage form for sustained drug delivery and enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of SSL; these results could be translated into increased patient compliance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:09:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-20340d36f53c4060a00c134cced206ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:09:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-20340d36f53c4060a00c134cced206ad2023-11-24T16:19:14ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972022-11-01201273310.3390/md20120733Preparation and Characterization of Salsalate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm ActivitySivarasan Ganesan0Jagadeesh Kumar Alagarasan1Mohandoss Sonaimuthu2Kanakaraj Aruchamy3Fatemah Homoud Alkallas4Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi5Fedor Vasilievich Kusmartsev6Veerababu Polisetti7Moonyong Lee8Huang-Mu Lo9Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, TaiwanSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaWallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, SwedenSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, TaiwanThe controlled-release characteristic of drug delivery systems is utilized to increase the residence time of therapeutic agents in the human body. This study aimed to formulate and characterize salsalate (SSL)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) prepared using the ionic gelation method and to assess their in vitro release and antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. The optimized CSNPs and CSNP–SSL formulation were characterized for particle size (156.4 ± 12.7 nm and 132.8 ± 17.4 nm), polydispersity index (0.489 ± 0.011 and 0.236 ± 132 0.021), zeta potential (68 ± 16 mV and 37 ± 11 mV), and entrapment efficiency (68.9 ± 2.14%). Physicochemical features of these nanoparticles were characterized using UV–visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that CSNPs and CSNP–SSL were spherical in shape with a smooth surface and their particle size ranged between 200 and 500 nm. In vitro release profiles of the optimized formulations showed an initial burst followed by slow and sustained drug release after 18 h (64.2 ± 3.2%) and 48 h (84.6 ± 4.23%), respectively. Additionally, the CSNPs and CSNP–SSL nanoparticles showed a sustained antibacterial action against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (15.7 ± 0.1 and 19.1 ± 1.2 mm) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (17.5 ± 0.8 and 21.6 ± 1.7 243 mm). Interestingly, CSNP–SSL showed better capability (89.4 ± 1.2% and 95.8 ± 0.7%) than did CSNPs in inhibiting antibiofilm production by <i>Enterobacter tabaci</i> (<i>E2</i>) and <i>Klebsiella quasipneumoniae</i> (<i>SC3</i>). Therefore, CSNPs are a promising dosage form for sustained drug delivery and enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of SSL; these results could be translated into increased patient compliance.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/12/733chitosan nanoparticlesalsalatedrug releaseantibacterialcytotoxicityantibiofilm |
| spellingShingle | Sivarasan Ganesan Jagadeesh Kumar Alagarasan Mohandoss Sonaimuthu Kanakaraj Aruchamy Fatemah Homoud Alkallas Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi Fedor Vasilievich Kusmartsev Veerababu Polisetti Moonyong Lee Huang-Mu Lo Preparation and Characterization of Salsalate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity Marine Drugs chitosan nanoparticle salsalate drug release antibacterial cytotoxicity antibiofilm |
| title | Preparation and Characterization of Salsalate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_full | Preparation and Characterization of Salsalate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and Characterization of Salsalate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Characterization of Salsalate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_short | Preparation and Characterization of Salsalate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of salsalate loaded chitosan nanoparticles in vitro release and antibacterial and antibiofilm activity |
| topic | chitosan nanoparticle salsalate drug release antibacterial cytotoxicity antibiofilm |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/12/733 |
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