Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Multiple Receivers in the Presence of Skin-Induced Attenuation and Pointing Errors
The last few years, the scientific field of optical wireless communications (OWC) has witnessed tremendous progress, as reflected in the continuous emergence of new successful high data rate services and variable sophisticated applications. One such development of vital research importance and inter...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Computation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/7/3/33 |
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| author | George K. Varotsos Hector E. Nistazakis Konstantinos Aidinis F. Jaber K.K. Mujeeb Rahman |
| author_facet | George K. Varotsos Hector E. Nistazakis Konstantinos Aidinis F. Jaber K.K. Mujeeb Rahman |
| author_sort | George K. Varotsos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The last few years, the scientific field of optical wireless communications (OWC) has witnessed tremendous progress, as reflected in the continuous emergence of new successful high data rate services and variable sophisticated applications. One such development of vital research importance and interest is the employment of high speed, robust, and energy-effective transdermal optical wireless (TOW) links for telemetry with implantable medical devices (IMDs) that also have made considerable progress lately for a variety of medical applications, mainly including neural recording and prostheses. However, the outage performance of such TOW links is significantly degraded due to the strong attenuation that affects the propagating information-bearing optical signal through the skin, along with random misalignments between transmitter and receiver terminals, commonly known as pointing error effect. In order to anticipate this, in this work we introduce a SIMO TOW reception diversity system that employs either OOK or more power-effective <i>L</i>-PPM schemes. Taking into account the joint impact of skin-induced attenuation and non-zero boresight pointing errors, modeled through the suitable Beckmann distribution, novel closed-form mathematical expressions for the average BER of the total TOW system are derived. Thus, the possibility of enhancing the TOW availability by using reception diversity configurations along with the appropriate modulation format is investigated. Finally, the corresponding numerical results are presented using the new derived theoretical outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:44:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2035a41c2dca4bc9bdd59717eca98e42 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-3197 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:44:25Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Computation |
| spelling | doaj.art-2035a41c2dca4bc9bdd59717eca98e422022-12-22T00:56:25ZengMDPI AGComputation2079-31972019-06-01733310.3390/computation7030033computation7030033Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Multiple Receivers in the Presence of Skin-Induced Attenuation and Pointing ErrorsGeorge K. Varotsos0Hector E. Nistazakis1Konstantinos Aidinis2F. Jaber3K.K. Mujeeb Rahman4Department of Electronics, Computers, Telecommunications and Control, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Electronics, Computers, Telecommunications and Control, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, UAEDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, UAEDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, UAEThe last few years, the scientific field of optical wireless communications (OWC) has witnessed tremendous progress, as reflected in the continuous emergence of new successful high data rate services and variable sophisticated applications. One such development of vital research importance and interest is the employment of high speed, robust, and energy-effective transdermal optical wireless (TOW) links for telemetry with implantable medical devices (IMDs) that also have made considerable progress lately for a variety of medical applications, mainly including neural recording and prostheses. However, the outage performance of such TOW links is significantly degraded due to the strong attenuation that affects the propagating information-bearing optical signal through the skin, along with random misalignments between transmitter and receiver terminals, commonly known as pointing error effect. In order to anticipate this, in this work we introduce a SIMO TOW reception diversity system that employs either OOK or more power-effective <i>L</i>-PPM schemes. Taking into account the joint impact of skin-induced attenuation and non-zero boresight pointing errors, modeled through the suitable Beckmann distribution, novel closed-form mathematical expressions for the average BER of the total TOW system are derived. Thus, the possibility of enhancing the TOW availability by using reception diversity configurations along with the appropriate modulation format is investigated. Finally, the corresponding numerical results are presented using the new derived theoretical outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/7/3/33optical wireless communications (OWC)transdermal optical wireless (TOW) linksimplantable medical devices (IMDs)skin-induced attenuationnon-zero boresight (NZB) pointing errorssingle input–multiple output (SIMO) systemaverage bit error rate (ABER) |
| spellingShingle | George K. Varotsos Hector E. Nistazakis Konstantinos Aidinis F. Jaber K.K. Mujeeb Rahman Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Multiple Receivers in the Presence of Skin-Induced Attenuation and Pointing Errors Computation optical wireless communications (OWC) transdermal optical wireless (TOW) links implantable medical devices (IMDs) skin-induced attenuation non-zero boresight (NZB) pointing errors single input–multiple output (SIMO) system average bit error rate (ABER) |
| title | Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Multiple Receivers in the Presence of Skin-Induced Attenuation and Pointing Errors |
| title_full | Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Multiple Receivers in the Presence of Skin-Induced Attenuation and Pointing Errors |
| title_fullStr | Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Multiple Receivers in the Presence of Skin-Induced Attenuation and Pointing Errors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Multiple Receivers in the Presence of Skin-Induced Attenuation and Pointing Errors |
| title_short | Transdermal Optical Wireless Links with Multiple Receivers in the Presence of Skin-Induced Attenuation and Pointing Errors |
| title_sort | transdermal optical wireless links with multiple receivers in the presence of skin induced attenuation and pointing errors |
| topic | optical wireless communications (OWC) transdermal optical wireless (TOW) links implantable medical devices (IMDs) skin-induced attenuation non-zero boresight (NZB) pointing errors single input–multiple output (SIMO) system average bit error rate (ABER) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3197/7/3/33 |
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